Enhanced vertical alveolar bone augmentation by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 with a carrier in rats

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on vertical bone regeneration of edentulous ridge. Bilateral upper first and second molars of 8-week-old Wistar rats were extracted and the ridges were allowed to heal for 3 weeks. Compressed poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer/gelatin sponge (PGS) was used as a carrier of rhBMP-2. PGS alone (control group) or PGS with 5 mug rhBMP-2 (test group) was implanted at the top part of alveolar ridge. The sham group received no implantation. The rats were killed at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after implantation and examined histologically and histomorphometrically. In the test group, significant bone augmentation was evident on the alveolar ridge throughout the experimental period. Histomorphometric analysis revealed greater tissue volume and height of alveolar bone in the test group compared with the control and sham groups (P < 0.05) from 4 weeks onward and the augmented tissues (5 mm3 in tissue volume and 1.5 mm in bone height) were maintained until 12 weeks. Osteoblast surface increased at 2 and 4 weeks and osteoid thickness reached a peak (25 microm) at 2 weeks. Dynamic variables, which represented calcification, were higher in the test group than the control and sham groups at 4 and 8 weeks (P < 0.05). These results suggest that use of rhBMP-2/PGS may achieve vertical bone augmentation, and stabilizes denture prosthesis or makes up for inadequate bone mass for implant prosthesis.

Tissue engineering for bone regeneration and osseointegration in the oral cavity

“…In sinus augmentation models in various species, BMP-2 consistently improved histologic and radiographic bone gain [85-89] and there are indications that it may provide significant vertical and horizontal ridge augmentation. Delivery of BMP-2 via grafting materials may modulate its effects on bone formation, contour, and quality [90-94]. Possible complications of BMP-2 delivery shown in canine ridge augmentation models include increased incidence of seromas and wound failure [91].…”

Bioerodible calcium sulfate/poly(β-amino ester) hydrogel composites

“…Unfortunately, the disease processes that result in tooth loss may also cause the loss of supporting bone (Shimazu et al, 2006). Implant placement requires sufficient bone to allow a proper anchor (Choi et al, 2004; Shimazu et al, 2006).…”

“…Unfortunately, the disease processes that result in tooth loss may also cause the loss of supporting bone (Shimazu et al, 2006). Implant placement requires sufficient bone to allow a proper anchor (Choi et al, 2004; Shimazu et al, 2006). Thus, bone regeneration or augmentation is often needed prior to or concomitant with implant placement (Choi et al, 2004; Shimazu et al, 2006).…”

“…Implant placement requires sufficient bone to allow a proper anchor (Choi et al, 2004; Shimazu et al, 2006). Thus, bone regeneration or augmentation is often needed prior to or concomitant with implant placement (Choi et al, 2004; Shimazu et al, 2006). Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a common technique in which a barrier membrane is used to create a protected ‘healing chamber’ where bone growth may occur.…”

Bone Regeneration Using Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Various Biomaterial Carriers

“…PLGA has been tested in various studies and the promising results show tremendous potential of PLGA as a carrier for BMPs [99,100,101,103]. Interestingly when rhBMP was used in conjunction with PLGA, much higher bone formation was observed in comparison to PLGA alone, highlighting the osteoinductive potential of BMPs [94,97,98]. More recently a new approach involving conjugation of heparin to PLGA scaffold was tested by Jeon and co-workers [105].…”