Enhancement of anthocyanin biosynthesis by sugar in radish (Raphanus sativus) hypocotyl

Hara, Masakazu; Oki, Karin; Hoshino, Kyoko; Kuboi, Toru

doi:10.1016/s0168-9452(02)00408-9

Cited by 148 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Six percent sucrose was more e ective than 3%, suggesting that the anthocyanin accumulation in petunia seedlings was not an osmotic response (Hase et al unpublished results). ese ndings were consistent with Hara et al (2003), who reported that detached radish hypocotyls treated with sucrose accumulated large amounts of anthocyanins while those treated with mannose or a glucose analog did not accumulate anthocyanins.…”

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confidence: 90%

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Development of an efficient mutagenesis technique using ion beams: Toward more controlled mutation breeding

Hase

Akita

Kitamura

et al. 2012

Plant Biotechnology

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Ion beams have been used as a mutagen to improve the e ciency of plant mutation breeding. Mutation breeding is sometimes perceived as a random process. In this review, we describe our recent progress in developing a more e cient mutagenesis technique using ion beam irradiation combined with sucrose pretreatment or subsequent reirradiation. To shorten the time required for breeding new cultivars of cyclamen, we identi ed anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and examined the e ectiveness of PCR screening of irradiated deletion-mutant candidates at early growth stages. We believe this research is a step toward more e cient and controlled mutation breeding using ion beams. Key words:Anthocyanin, Cyclamen, ower color, ion beam, mutation breeding.Mutation breeding has provided significant benefits to agriculture. More than 3,000 mutant crop varieties have been produced over the past 60 years (Mutant Variety Database, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme). Most of those varieties were created using ionizing radiation, chiefly gamma-rays. High-energy ion beams that are generated by accelerators have been shown to have greater biological e ects than gamma-rays. Increasing evidence suggests that ion beams efficiently induce mutations . us, mutation breeding using ion beams is an e ective means of generating new plant varieties. However, mutation breeding is sometimes regarded as random, and whether the desired mutant traits can be obtained in the plant material of interest is, in fact, o en uncertain. Mutability varies, even between varieties of the same plant species. We carried out this research project to make mutation breeding a more e cient and controlled technique.We believe that there are three factors important to the success of mutation breeding: the e ciency of mutagenesis, the starting plant material, and mutant screening. e e ciency of mutagenesis is determined by the probability of obtaining the desired mutant traits. e frequency with which desired mutants appear is generally very low. More e cient techniques to induce desired mutations will greatly bene t mutation breeding. e starting plant material is important because the genetic background of the parent plant generally defines the range of mutant traits that can be obtained. Identi cation of the genes associated with valuable traits would help in understanding the genetic background and choosing suitable starting material. Finally, the e ciency of mutant screening has a great impact on the cost of mutation breeding, especially in species, such as cyclamen, that require long periods before the mutant traits can be evaluated.e ability to screen candidate mutants at an early growth stage based on genetic information associated with the desired traits would be highly advantageous.is review summarizes our recent work to improve these three important factors in mutation breeding. We describe the development of an e cient mutagenesis technique using ion beam irradiation combined with pretreatment or subsequent re-irradiation. We analyzed flower-color mutants of cyclamen t...

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confidence: 90%

“…Sugars are known to stimulate anthocyanin accumulation (Hara et al 2003;Mita et al 1997;Tsukaya et al 1991). We found that the addition of 3% (88 mM) sucrose greatly stimulated anthocyanin accumulation in petunia seedlings.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of an efficient mutagenesis technique using ion beams: Toward more controlled mutation breeding

Hase

Akita

Kitamura

et al. 2012

Plant Biotechnology

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“…In Arabidopsis, anthocyanin production in cotyledons or leaves increases when seedlings are grown in a sugar-containing medium (Mita et al, 1997;Ohto et al, 2001). A similar phenomenon has been reported in radish hypocotyls (Hara et al, 2003) and grape cells (Larronde et al, 1998). In grape berry skin, sucrose (Suc) acts as an endogenous trigger, modulating the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes (Boss et al, 1996).…”

Section: Sugar Induction Of Anthocyanin Pigmentationmentioning

confidence: 53%

Sugar-Hormone Cross-Talk in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

Das

Shin

Choi

et al. 2012

Molecules and Cells

173

116

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“…The accumulation of carbohydrates in leaves after girdling leads to the consequent down-regulation of photosynthetic rates (Rivas et al 2007), decreased stomatal conductance and transpiration (Sellin et al 2013), the accumulation of abscisic acid in leaves (Setter et al 1980), and an increase in leaf water potential (Williams et al 2000). It has also recently been shown that non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) regulate the gene expression involved in several plant metabolic functions (Hara et al 2003, Murakami et al 2008. Such a broad range of physiological adaptations in leaves after stem girdling should also trigger structural adaptation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of stem girdling on needle structure in Scots pine

Gebauer¹,

Plichta²,

Foit³

et al. 2018

iForest

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Stem girdling is the process of completely removing a strip of cork and phloem tissue. Phloem is the living tissue which serves as the main long-distance pathway for transporting carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis to all parts of the plant where needed, from source leaves to sinks. Stem girdling has been used to study several functional aspects of phloem and their direct impacts on tree growth. Although both photosynthesis and transpiration processes take place in needles, no studies exist which investigate the effect of source-sink disturbance on needle structure. In this study, we evaluated changes in needle morphology and anatomy in current-year Scots pine needles 227 and 411 days after girdling (DAG). Although the studied needle parameters recorded 227 DAG were from 2 to 20% higher than the same parameters in control needles, the differences were not significant. On the other hand, needles 411 DAG were thinner, with decreased cross-sectional areas, phloem areas, vascular cylinder areas, needle dry mass, needle density, and needle flatness when compared to control needles. Marked variations in needle growth were observed 411 DAG, with a smaller number of correlations among almost all studied needle parameters in needles 411 DAG when compared to control needles or needles 227 DAG. Structural development determining needle flatness, needle density, and leaf mass per area (LMA) appeared to have driving factors that were independent of the other studied needle parameters, as correlations with other parameters were not significant in any treatment. The changes in overall needle structure observed after long-term stem girdling provide new insights into the processes that occur as a result of source-sink disturbances. This type of data could be helpful, for example, in studies specifically focused on phloem transport, tree carbon relationships, or investigations modeling gas exchange. Our study might also support gene expression studies, which could provide further knowledge about the regulatory mechanisms that determine needle size and structural form.

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Enhancement of anthocyanin biosynthesis by sugar in radish (Raphanus sativus) hypocotyl

Cited by 148 publications

References 21 publications

Development of an efficient mutagenesis technique using ion beams: Toward more controlled mutation breeding

Development of an efficient mutagenesis technique using ion beams: Toward more controlled mutation breeding

Sugar-Hormone Cross-Talk in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

Long-term effects of stem girdling on needle structure in Scots pine

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