Enhancement of Anti-inflammation Effect by Fermentation Process in Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott Extract

Abstract

: This study was indicated to enhance the anti-inflammation activities by the fermentation of the fruits of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott. The extracts by 70% ethanol (EE) showed better biological activities than those by hot water (WE) from campared result of the effect of extraction solvents. Then, the extract from 70% ethanol extraction was further fermented by lactic acid, denoted as FEE. For antioxidant activities, the FEE had showed the highest value as 0.832 of reducing powder, in comparison with those of EE and WE. Cytotoxicity of the water extraction (WE) was measured for 12.06% in addition of 1.0 ㎎/㎖ of FEE. For anti-inflammation activities, NO production from the macrophage, RAW 264.7 was observed as 7.24 μM and 8.52 μM from FEE and EE, respectively. Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) production from human fibroblast cell, CCD-986sk, was also estimated for 152 pg/㎖ in addition of 1.0 ㎎/㎖ of the FEE. The lowest production of both IL-6 and TNF-α were 3.5 pg/㎖ and 865.5 pg/㎖, respectively in addition of 1.0 ㎎/㎖ of the FEE, whereas 74.5 pg/㎖ and 982.4 pg/㎖ in treated with same concenrations of the EE. It was also found that the FEE was higher amounts than other extracts through HPLC analysis of the anthocyanins. These results strongly indicate that fermentation process of the lactic acid could enhance anti-inflammation activities of extracts by increasing the amounts of the anthocyanins, especially cyanidin-galactoside. Our results suggest that the application of the fermentation process for other medicinal herbs can be improved their biological activities.

Enhancement of Skin Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Eclipta prostrata L. from the Ultrasonic Extraction Process

“…In general, the effects of vitamin D 3 were better or similar to that of the UE, but much better than the EE, while the effects of wedelolactone were lower than that of the UE, but higher than the EE. These results can be compared with the experimental data on Aronia, which is also known to have similar biological activities [21], where 100 pg/mL of IL-6 and 120 pg/mL of TNF-α were produced in treating the same concentrations. Therefore, the UE can be considered to have good or even better anti-inflammatory activities than other natural resources.…”

“…The efficacy of PGE 2 seems to be similar to the anti-inflammatory effects of inhibiting the cytokine productions (as shown in Figure 4A,B), and the effects of vitamin D 3 and wedelolactone also showed similar patterns. Study of the anti-inflammatory efficacy of Aronia extract at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL showed a PGE 2 yield corresponding to that of E. prostrata L. at 0.3 mg/mL [21].…”

“…The inhibition of the production of PGE 2 from human skin fibroblasts (CCD-986sk, KCLB, Seoul, Korea) was measured by treating the extracts as follows [21]: 4.0 × 10 5 cell/mL of human skin fibroblasts was inoculated into a 96-well plate for one day at 37 • C, treated with 150 µL of each extract at various concentrations, 1 µM of vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) dissolved in 0.1% ethanol and 1.5 µg/mL of wedelolactone as positive controls, respectively, and again cultured for one more day. Thereafter, 50 µL of the primary antibody solution was added into the plate, which was shaken at 100 rpm and left unattended for 1 h at room temperature.…”

Enhancement of Anti-inflammatory Activities of Aronia melanocarpa through High-pressure Homogenization Process

“…Then, the plates were washed again with the wash buffer, 100 μl of each substrate solution was added, and it was left for 30 minutes in a dark room. After that, a stop solution was put into the plate, and the optical density was measured at a wavelength of 450 nm [26].…”

Enhancement of Skin Whitening and Anti-wrinkle Activities of the Co-culture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus paracasei

“…이러한 유산균은 치즈나 요구르 트 등의 유제품을 비롯한 발효 식품이 많이 사용되었 지만 [8,9], 최근 들어 각 종 천연물의 생리활성 성분을 가수분해하여 전환시키는 기능이 있으며 [10], 천연물 을 발효시켜 유용활성 물질의 증진을 가져다 준다는 연구 및 보고가 이루어지고 있다 [11][12][13]. 특히, 유산균 중에서 Lactobacillus균의 효능으로는 많은 연구가 되 어 있으며 면역력 증진, 항균 효능, 피부미백 및 아토 피성 피부염 개선효과 등이 보고된 바 있다 [8,9] …”