Enhancement of etch rate for preparation of nano-sized ion-track membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride): Effect of pretreatment and high-LET beam irradiation

Rohani, Rosiah; Yamaki, Tetsuya; Koshikawa, Hiroshi; Takahashi, Shinji; Hasegawa, Shin; Asano, Masaharu; Maekawa, Yasunari; Voss, K.-O.; Trautmann, C.; Neumann, R.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2008.12.005

Cited by 18 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Generally, this is related to the damage concentration and, therefore, the etchability of the polymer. Indeed, we previously found that the irradiation with the higher-LET beam made it possible to prepare PVDF ion-track ECS Transactions, 35 (24) 1-12 (2011) membranes with larger pores than by the lower-LET beam irradiation (5,6). The simulation by a TRIM (the TRansport of Ions in Matter) code (27), a familiar computer software, was performed to calculate the LET values and the maximum penetration length of ions referred to as the projected range, R P .…”

Section: Effect Of Different Bombarded Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the ion-track technique has mainly been studied for a series of hydrocarbon polymers, such as polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), our focus is on the ion track membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), a type of fluoropolymer (3)(4)(5)(6)(7), because of their superior chemical, mechanical and ferro-electric properties. We developed polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications by filling the pores of the PVDF-based ion track membranes with proton-conductive polymer chains by J-ray-induced graft polymerization (3,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conductometric Analysis for the Formation of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)-Based Ion Track Membranes

Yamaki¹,

Nuryanthi²,

Koshikawa³

et al. 2011

ECS Trans.

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Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films were irradiated with 450 MeV 129 Xe and 2.2 GeV 197 Au ion beams, and then the resulting latent tracks were etched in a 9 mol dm -3 aqueous KOH solution at 80ºC that had been poured into a conductometric cell. At the same time, the evolution of cylindrical nanopores was monitored by measuring the conductance through the membrane. This in-situ measurement enabled us to examine how the etching kinetics were affected by the various experimental conditions including the parameters (mass and velocity) of the bombarded ions and cell voltages applied between the electrodes. The track etch rate, V T , radial etch rate, V R , and pore radius reaching the final plateau significantly depended on the deposited energy within each track, which is represented by the linear energy transfer (LET). Interestingly, applying a higher voltage to the cell promoted track etching up to the breakthrough probably because the electrophoretic migration of dissolved products occurred out of each pore.

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Section: Effect Of Different Bombarded Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductometric Analysis for the Formation of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)-Based Ion Track Membranes

Yamaki¹,

Nuryanthi²,

Koshikawa³

et al. 2011

ECS Trans.

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“…In contrast, we have focused on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) ion-track membranes, because of the superior chemical and mechanical properties of fluoropolymers [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. A very hot, concentrated alkaline solution with an oxidative additive, such as KMnO 4 or KIO 4 , was mostly used to produce visible tracks in PVDF films [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these harsh etching conditions cause irreversible chemical damage to the film, and eventually dissolve it. Thus, we have performed the etching under much milder conditions, with no oxidative additive, which allowed the pore evolution in the PVDF-based ion-track membrane to be investigated in detail [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion-Track Membranes of Poly(vinylidene fluoride): Etching Characteristics during Conductometric Analysis

Nuryanthi

Yamaki

Koshikawa

et al. 2013

Trans. Mat. Res. Soc. Japan

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A poly(vinylidene fluoride) film irradiated with 450 MeV 129 Xe ions was etched in an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution at 80°C in a conductometric cell. The etching characteristics were investigated in situ at different applied voltages. The conductometric curves reached a plateau when the etching time was sufficiently long (up to 48 h); this plateau indicates that etching was complete in the damaged track and that the bulk etch rate was negligibly low. The applied voltage produced larger pores than the etching with no voltage. Higher voltages shortened the etching time; the voltage accelerated the etching before the pore breakthrough and during the pore growth. The increase in the etch rate was probably caused by the dissolved etching products being pulled away from the pores more efficiently at higher applied voltages. However, the effective pore diameter, d eff , at the end of the etching was not substantially affected by varying the applied voltage. The final d eff values calculated from the conductometric measurements were not consistent with the results acquired by scanning electron microscopy observations. This can likely be explained by inhomogeneous etching at the edge of the membrane.

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“…Figure 1 presents the principal steps in the preparation of a so-called track-etched membrane. Although the ion-track technique has mostly been studied for hydrocarbon polymers, such as polycarbonate (PC) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), our focus is on track-etched membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), a type of fluoropolymer [2][3][4][5][6][7], because of its superior chemical, mechanical, and ferro-electric properties. We previously prepared polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel-cell applications by filling the channel pores of PVDF-based track-etched membranes with proton-conductive polymer chains using γ-ray-induced graft polymerization [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Nanopore Evolution in Track-Etched Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Membranes

Yamaki

Nuryanthi

Koshikawa

et al. 2012

Trans. Mat. Res. Soc. Japan

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We investigated the formation of track-etched membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), a type of fluoropolymer, in detail, using conductometry. A 25 µm-thick PVDF film was irradiated with a 450 MeV 129 Xe or 2.2 GeV 197 Au ion beam, and then the latent tracks were etched in a 9 mol dm -3 aqueous potassium hydroxide solution at 80ºC in a conductometric cell. This paper focuses on the theoretical basis of the conductometric method and the apparatus used in our study. Representative results are then given in terms of how the etching kinetics was affected by various experimental conditions including the irradiation parameters and cell voltages applied between the electrodes.

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Enhancement of etch rate for preparation of nano-sized ion-track membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride): Effect of pretreatment and high-LET beam irradiation

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Conductometric Analysis for the Formation of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)-Based Ion Track Membranes

Conductometric Analysis for the Formation of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)-Based Ion Track Membranes

Ion-Track Membranes of Poly(vinylidene fluoride): Etching Characteristics during Conductometric Analysis

Investigation of Nanopore Evolution in Track-Etched Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Membranes

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