“…For these tasks, different membranes are used: human skin in vivo, 103 human skin ex vivo, 104,105 in vitro skin substitutes 75 and porcine skin. 52,54,106,107,108,109 Rodent skin 110 is rarely due to its inherent differences to human skin. Caffeine, 52,106,109,111,112,113 lidocaine, 104 procaine, 107,114 tetracaine, 115 salicylic acid, 113 ibuprofen, 103 flufenamic acid, 105 imiquimod, 116 trans-retinol, 117,118 resorcinol, 75 niacinamide, 119 sulfathiazole sodium, 54 triamcinolone acetonide 120 and oxaprozin are among the most investigated permeants in the CRS penetration studies.…”