We analyze the conical second-harmonic generation via Cerenkov-type phase matching in two-dimensional decagonal nonlinear photonic quasi-crystals for linear, circular, and elliptical polarized fundamental beams. Depending on the polarization state, we observe either centrosymmetric or noncentrosymmetric intensity modulation of the second-harmonic rings. We explain this effect by employing the concept of effective quadratic nonlinearity combined with the hexagonal symmetry of the individual ferroelectric domains.