Enhancing data on nutrient composition of foods eaten by participants in the INTERMAP study in China, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States

Abstract

The International Study of Macronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP) is a four-country study investigating relationships between individual dietary intakes and blood pressure. Dietary intake patterns of individuals were estimated for macronutrients (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, alcohol) and their components (amino acids, fatty acids, starch), as well as minerals, vitamins, caffeine, and dietary fiber. The dietary assessment phase of the study involved collection of four 24-h recalls and two 24-h urine specimens from each of 4680 adults, ages 40-59, at 16 centers located in the People's Republic of China, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.

INTERMAP: background, aims, design, methods, and descriptive statistics (nondietary)

“…60 NCC provided nutrient content of foods (76 nutrients) not included in national nutrient databases, and for checking and updating data on other foods. 60,72,73 The international Central Laboratory (Leuven, Belgium) was responsible for its Manual of Operations and work, and the NMR-HPLC Metabonomics Laboratory (London, England) was responsible for its Manual of Operations and work. Study leadership nationally was accomplished by country centres in Shiga (Japan), Beijing (PRC), London (UK), and Chicago (USA).…”

“…Dietary data were converted into nutrients with use of country-specific food tables enhanced by NCC. 60,72,73 Total energy intake was estimated from conversion factorsFfat: 9 kcal/g; protein: 4 kcal/g; available carbohydrate: 4 kcal/g; alcohol: 7 kcal/g. Nutrient densities were calculated as follows: for nutrients supplying energy, as per cent of total kilocalories, that is, (kcal from nutrient/ total kcal) Â 100; for other nutrients, per 1000 kcal, that is, (amount per day/total kcal) Â 1000.…”

Nutrient intakes of middle-aged men and women in China, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States in the late 1990s: The INTERMAP Study

“…Each food table was compiled on the basis of a national food table for each country and was made comparableFbased on standards for quality control of international databasesFby the Nutrition Coordinating Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 3 The automated Nutrition Data System (NDS) from the Nutrition Coordinating Center was used for dietary interviews at US centres; reported foods and beverages consumed were entered in detail directly into a computer.…”

Does dietary salt induce autoimmunity?

“…In the other countries, data were entered onto standard forms, coded, and computerized. Nutrient intake was calculated using country-specific food tables, which were standardized for consistency across countries (Schakel et al, 2003). Individuals were excluded if (inter alia) diet data were considered unreliable, calorie intake from any 24-hour dietary recall was less than 500 kcal/d (2100 kJ/d) or was greater than 5000 kcal/d (21 000 kJ/d) for women or greater than 8000 kcal/d (33 600 kJ/d) for men, or if two complete urine samples were not obtained.…”