Enhancing Intermediate Wheatgrass Establishment in Spotted Knapweed Infested Rangeland

Sheley, Roger L.; Jacobs, James S.; Velagala, Rajendra P.

doi:10.2307/4003494

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Increasing the seed rate, which is sometimes recommended (Eriksson and Eriksson, 1997; Hopkins et al. , 1999), can enhance the likelihood that a seed reaches a safe site (Call and Roundy, 1991; Sheley et al. , 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil disturbance, seed rate, nitrogen fertilizer and subsequent cutting treatment on establishment of Bromus inermis seedlings on degraded steppe grassland in China

Liu¹,

Mao²,

Huang³

et al. 2008

Grass and Forage Science

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Establishment of seedlings of Bromus inermis, a native grass species of China, into a degraded steppe grassland was studied in an experiment with a factorial combination of different soil disturbance (control and harrowing), cutting post-sowing (control and cutting), nitrogen (N) fertilizer application (0 and 100 kg KNO 3 hm )2 ) and seed rate (400, 800 and 1200 seeds m )2 ) treatments. Seedling emergence and survival rates, and plant performance, were followed over 2 years. Seedling emergence was increased by soil disturbance (harrowing). Cutting post-sowing and N fertilizer application did not increase seedling emergence. Seedling survival rates at the end of first growing season were strongly influenced by harrowing and the use of higher seed rates. Seedling height was higher in the harrowing and the N fertilizer application treatments and at the higher seed rates. Seedling survival rates in the second growing season were low but much higher with harrowing than the other treatments. Soil disturbance by harrowing may have increased contact between seed and soil, and reduced competition from established plants. It is concluded that, for the restoration of degraded semi-arid grassland in China by re-seeding, soil surface disturbance is necessary for successful seedling establishment, and modest seeding rates should be used to control costs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil disturbance, seed rate, nitrogen fertilizer and subsequent cutting treatment on establishment of Bromus inermis seedlings on degraded steppe grassland in China

Liu¹,

Mao²,

Huang³

et al. 2008

Grass and Forage Science

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“…Study 1 procedures. -Sheley et al (1999) factorially combined herbicide (with, without glyphosate), tillage (with, without), and nonnative grass (Thinopyrum intermedium) seeding rate (0, 500, 2500, and 12 500 seeds/m 2 ) treatments. The authors measured seeded grass and C. maculosa biomass around peak standing crop two years after seeding, and Sheley et al (2005) remeasured these variables six years after seeding.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term population dynamics of seeded plants in invaded grasslands

Rinella

Mangold²,

Espeland

et al. 2012

Ecological Applications

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In recent decades, dozens of studies have involved attempts to introduce native and desirable nonnative plant species into grasslands dominated by invasive weeds. The newly introduced plants have proved capable of establishing, but because they are rarely monitored for more than four years, it is unknown if they have a high likelihood of persisting and suppressing invaders for the long-term. Beyond invaded grasslands, this lack of long-term monitoring is a general problem plaguing efforts to reintroduce a range of taxa into a range of ecosystems. We introduced species from seed and then periodically measured plant abundances for nine years at one site and 15 years at a second site. To our knowledge, our 15-year data are the longest to date from a seeding experiment in invaded, never-cultivated grassland. At one site, three seeded grasses maintained high densities for three or more years, but then all or nearly all individuals died. At the second site, one grass performed similarly, but two other grasses proliferated and at least one greatly suppressed the dominant invader (Centaurea maculosa). In one study, our point estimate suggests that the seeded grass Thinopyrum intermedium reduced C. maculosa biomass by 93% 15 years after seeding. In some cases, data from three and fewer years after seeding falsely suggested that seeded species were capable of persisting within the invaded grassland. In other cases, data from as late as nine years after seeding falsely suggested seeded populations would not become large enough to suppress the invader. These results show that seeded species sometimes persist and suppress invaders for long periods, but short-term data cannot predict if, when, or where this will occur. Because short-term data are not predictive of long-term seeded species performances, additional long-term data are needed to identify effective practices, traits, and species for revegetating invaded grasslands.

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“…Non‐native cover after three growing seasons decreased with increasing Elymus planting density, but only in favorable years (2005 and 2006), resulting in a significant year × density interaction. Thus, high planting densities in favorable years reduced populations of non‐native species, and presumably competition from those populations (Stevenson et al ; Sheley et al ; Bakker & Wilson ; Simmons ; Carter & Blair ). The relatively great importance of planting year to Elymus success and the suppression of non‐natives is illustrated in Figure , which shows means averaged across all planting densities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The density of seeds under natural prairie falls within the range of 1000–3000 seeds/m 2 (Iverson & Wali ; Grilz et al ). Some rates of restoration (30–35 seeds/m 2 ) (Duebbert et al ; Howe et al ) are low relative to natural density, but high research rates (4000–12,500/m 2 ) (Sheley et al ; Hutchings & Stewart ) may be wasteful.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach worked in an old field: planted native species failed to germinate in the year of planting but appeared in the second year (Wilson & Gerry ). Second, high planting rates of native species generally decrease populations of undesired non‐native species (Stevenson et al ; Sheley et al ; Simmons ; Carter & Blair ), which should result in less competition from those species in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Managing contingency in semiarid grassland restoration through repeated planting

Wilson

2015

Restoration Ecology

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The success of grassland restoration in semiarid regions is contingent on good establishment years. Here it is asked whether success rate can be increased by planting repeatedly among years, or by consistently using high planting densities. I planted seeds of a dominant native perennial grass, Elymus lanceolatus, at five densities (range: 30-3000 seeds/m 2 ) in each of 3 years. Elymus seedling emergence and cover increased significantly with planting density. Cover after three growing seasons was maximized (i.e. not significantly different from the greatest cover) at planting densities of 300-600 seeds/m 2 . On the other hand, low germination in a dry warm year resulted in density having no effect on cover 3 years later. Two favorable planting years showed trajectories to native dominance after three growing seasons. In contrast, one unfavorable planting year showed a trajectory of non-native dominance. Emergence was increased modestly by both herbivore and interspecific neighbor removal. Overall, the most economical process for ensuring success (assuming that seed costs are high and planting and site-preparation costs are low) may be to plant at moderate density (300-600 seeds/m 2 ) in repeated years until a favorable year is encountered. Implications for Practice• Repeated planting among years may assure restoration success (high cover of native species) in grasslands characterized by great among-year variation in rainfall. • Native plant cover can be increased by planting greater seed densities, but only in years with sufficient rainfall. • In years with good establishment, planting 300-600 seeds/m 2 is likely to produce native grass dominance.

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Enhancing Intermediate Wheatgrass Establishment in Spotted Knapweed Infested Rangeland

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of soil disturbance, seed rate, nitrogen fertilizer and subsequent cutting treatment on establishment of Bromus inermis seedlings on degraded steppe grassland in China

Effects of soil disturbance, seed rate, nitrogen fertilizer and subsequent cutting treatment on establishment of Bromus inermis seedlings on degraded steppe grassland in China

Long‐term population dynamics of seeded plants in invaded grasslands

Managing contingency in semiarid grassland restoration through repeated planting

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