Enhancing resistance and modulation of humoral immune response to experimental Candida albicans infection by patulin

Escoula, Louis; Bourdiol, D.; Linas, M. D.; Recco, P.; Séguéla, J. P.

doi:10.1007/bf00436814

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Patulin also inhibited DNA synthesis in peripheral lymphocytes (38). Lymphocyte degeneration induced by patulin in our study may have been mediated by mechanisms similar to those reported in earlier studies (14,15,37,38).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Elmore (36) has suggested that thymus is a sensitive target organ to immunotoxicants. Earlier studies on mice showed a number of effects of patulin on the immune system, including increased number of splenic T cells, lower serum Ig concentrations (15), depressed or delayed hypersensitivity response, higher neutrophil count, and resistance to Candida albicans infection (14). On the other hand, patulin administration in rabbits resulted in lower serum immunoglobulin, reduced lymphocyte blastogenesis, and reduced leukocyte chemiluminescence (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inconsistent reports on patulin toxicity in various species have created an unclear picture of potential harmful effects of patulin on the immune system (14,15). The aim of our study was to determine the distribution of EGF and EGFR in thymic cells that might explain malfunctions in the thymus of growing patulin-treated rats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Evaluation of Patulin Toxicity in the Thymus of Growing Male Rats

Koçkaya

Selmanoğlu

Özsoy

et al. 2009

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by several Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssachlamys species growing on food products. In this study, we investigated the effects of patulin on the thymus of growing male rats aged fi ve to six weeks. The rats were receiving it orally at a dose of 0.1 mg kg -1 bw a day for either 60 or 90 days. At the end of the experiment, the thymus was examined for histopathology by light microscopy and for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) by immunolocalisation. For morphometry we used the Bs200prop program to analyse images obtained with the Olympus BX51 light microscope. Cell ultrastructure was studied by electron microscopy. In rats treated with patulin, the thymus showed haemorrhage, plasma cell hyperplasia, a dilation and fi brosis in the cortex, enlarged interstitial tissue between the thymic lobules, enlarged fat tissue, thinning of the cortex, and blurring of the cortico-medullary demarcation. Electron microscopy showed signs of cell destruction, abnormalities of the nucleus and organelles, and loss of mitochondrial cristae. However, no differences were observed in thymus EGF and EGFR immunoreactivity between treated and control rats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Patulin Toxicity in the Thymus of Growing Male Rats

Koçkaya

Selmanoğlu

Özsoy

et al. 2009

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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“…One report of an outbreak of stachybotryotoxicosis in sheep reported frequent isolation of a normally commensal organism, Pasteurella haemolytica, from organs; however, it is unknown if this was a result of immunosuppression or breakdown of mucosal barriers (150). Some mycotoxins can enhance immune function, including citrinin, patulin, and even T-2 toxin (119,343). The latter can increase the number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen, splenocyte IgA production, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, and blastogenesis of B and T cells, as well as superinducing IL-1 and IL-2.…”

Section: Hematologic and Immunologicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Mold, Toxigenic Fungi, andStachybotrys chartarum: Infectious Disease Perspective

2003

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Damp buildings often have a moldy smell or obvious mold growth; some molds are human pathogens. This has caused concern regarding health effects of moldy indoor environments and has resulted in many studies of moisture- and mold-damaged buildings. Recently, there have been reports of severe illness as a result of indoor mold exposure, particularly due to Stachybotrys chartarum. While many authors describe a direct relationship between fungal contamination and illness, close examination of the literature reveals a confusing picture. Here, we review the evidence regarding indoor mold exposure and mycotoxicosis, with an emphasis on S. chartarum. We also examine possible end-organ effects, including pulmonary, immunologic, neurologic, and oncologic disorders. We discuss the Cleveland infant idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage reports in detail, since they provided important impetus for concerns about Stachybotrys. Some valid concerns exist regarding the relationship between indoor mold exposure and human disease. Review of the literature reveals certain fungus-disease associations in humans, including ergotism (Claviceps species), alimentary toxic aleukia (Fusarium), and liver disease (Aspergillys). While many papers suggest a similar relationship between Stachybotrys and human disease, the studies nearly uniformly suffer from significant methodological flaws, making their findings inconclusive. As a result, we have not found well-substantiated supportive evidence of serious illness due to Stachybotrys exposure in the contemporary environment. To address issues of indoor mold-related illness, there is an urgent need for studies using objective markers of illness, relevant animal models, proper epidemiologic techniques, and examination of confounding factors

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“…In past studies, variable effects of patulin on the immune system were indicated. 7,8 The thymus is of central importance both in the development and maintenance of the immune system and it has long been known as a source of lymphocytes. The thymus starts to involute around puberty in most animals 9 and this is considered to be a major cause of the age-related decline in immune function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of patulin on thymus capillary of rats

Gül

Özsoy

Osmanağaoğlu

et al. 2005

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Patulin is a mycotoxin that is produced by species of Penicillum, Aspergillus, and Byssochylamys molds that may grow on a variety of foods including fruit, grains and cheese. Patulin, at a dose of 0.1 mg kg(-1) bw day(-1) was administered orally to growing male rats aged 5-6 weeks for a period of 60 or 90 days. The dose of patulin used in the present study was based on estimated human exposure levels. At the end of these periods, the thymus glands of patulin-treated and control Wistar rats were removed and ultrastructural changes in capillary cells of the thymus of patulin-treated Wistar rats were determined by electron microscopy. The walls of thymus capillaries of the 60-day patulin-treated rat groups (P-60) exhibited degeneration observable in electron microscopic sections. For example, loss of cytoplasm and mitochondrial cristae of cells, swollen endothelial cells, increased thickness of the basement membrane, closed lumen of capillaries, accumulation of fibrous material at the periphery of the capillaries and nuclear anomalies were seen in these sections. Such degeneration and changes were also observed in sections of capillaries of the 90-day patulin-treated rat groups (P-90). The levels of degeneration of endothelial cell nucleus of P-90 were greater than those of P-60. This study demonstrated the ultrastructural degeneration of thymus capillary cells of patulin-treated rats. The results obtained from this study may provide a guide to research dealing with the toxic effects of patulin on tissue and organ ultrastructure.

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Enhancing resistance and modulation of humoral immune response to experimental Candida albicans infection by patulin

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluation of Patulin Toxicity in the Thymus of Growing Male Rats

Evaluation of Patulin Toxicity in the Thymus of Growing Male Rats

Indoor Mold, Toxigenic Fungi, andStachybotrys chartarum: Infectious Disease Perspective

Effects of patulin on thymus capillary of rats

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