Enrichment and aggression in primates

Honess, Paul; Marín, Constanza

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.05.002

Cited by 109 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(229 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Captivity, however, imposes limits on primate behavioural diversity, especially on those with large home ranges, and has been traditionally associated with the appearance of atypical behaviours or stereotyped actions such as moving in circles, pacing, excessive self-cleaning or scratching and, in extreme cases, self-biting and mutilation [Novak, 2003;Honess and Marin, 2006a], although the latter are more common in laboratory-housed animals than in zoo ones. Nowadays, zoo exhibits tend to reproduce the characteristics of the natural habitat both to the benefit of animals as well as for the pleasure of visitors; however, those exhibits are costly and perhaps unnecessary for the animals' welfare [Honess and Marin, 2006b]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gorilla gorilla, Pongo pygmaeus ) [references in Honess and Marin, 2006b]. In a range of primate species, food is presented in a processed form (chopped, easily available) and at predictable time schedules, which often relates to lower foraging and feeding times in zoo groups than in wild ones [references in Hosey, 2005] and to increases in aggressive interactions in anticipation of the delivery of food [Honess and Marin, 2006b]. Slight modifications in the way that food is presented (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Behavioural Repertoires and Time Budgets of Semi-Free-Ranging and Captive Groups of Wedge-Capped Capuchin Monkeys, Cebus olivaceus, in Zoo Exhibits in Venezuela

Tárano

López²

2015

IJFP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The behavioural repertoires and time budgets of 2 captive groups and 1 semi-free-ranging group of Cebus olivaceus were determined with the aim to assess the impact of the zoo environment on behaviour. The repertoires were qualitatively similar between groups and to those reported for wild troops, but the captive groups showed self-directed and stereotyped behaviours not reported in the wild. The differences in repertoires between groups were easily associated with the opportunity to interact directly with the visitors, with particularities of the enclosure and with the severity of confinement. Overall, females spent more time foraging than males in the 2 captive groups, and adults rested and watched more than subadults in all the groups. Time budgets were dominated by foraging, resting, movement and affiliative interactions, but their relative importance varied between groups, with foraging being especially prominent in the most confined group. The time budgets also varied qualitatively from those reported for wild troops. We conclude the species is behaviourally able to adjust to captivity, but the slight differences along the continuum from wild to semi-free to captive are suggestive of mild stress or social tension probably due to unstimulating environmental conditions, high visitor pressure and deviations from typical sex-age group composition.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural Repertoires and Time Budgets of Semi-Free-Ranging and Captive Groups of Wedge-Capped Capuchin Monkeys, Cebus olivaceus, in Zoo Exhibits in Venezuela

Tárano

López²

2015

IJFP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Foraging enrichment in particular appears to be among the most effective measures (Crocket, 1998;Miller and Mench, 2005;Dixon et al, 2010) as the provision of foraging opportunities in captivity was found to 1) increase activity; 2) provide cognitive stimulation and manipulative activities; 3) alleviate stress, frustration and boredom; and 4) reduce and prevent aggression, and abnormal repetitive behaviours, including stereotypies (Bloomsmith et al, 1988;Shepherdson et al, 1993;Spoolder et al, 1995;Baker, 1997;Aerni et al, 2000;Bashaw et al, 2003;Johnson et al, 2004;Honess and Marin, 2006;VargasAshby and Pankhurst, 2007;Brinch-Riber and Mench, 2008). In parrots, provision of foraging enrichments has been associated with positive behavioural changes and welfare effects (Coulton et al, 1997;van Hoek and King, 1997;Meehan et al, 2003Meehan et al, , 2004Elson and Marples, 2001;Lumeij and Hommers, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…promote satiety); 7) feeding at irregular time intervals (i.e. decrease the predictability of feeding times); or a combination of two or more of the aforementioned options (Shepherdson et al, 1993;Brouns et al, 1994;Young et al, 1994;Newberry, 1995;Bauck, 1998;Aerni et al, 2000;Young, 2003;Hernandez-Divers, 2006;Honess and Marin, 2006;van Krimpen et al, 2009). The applicability of the various approaches, however, may vary across species, depending on species-specific characteristics such as the animals' intelligence, natural diet, methods of food procurement and foraging pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of foraging enrichments to increase foraging time in Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus erithacus)

Zeeland

Schoemaker

Ravesteijn

et al. 2013

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tForaging enrichment is considered one of the most effective strategies to improve welfare and reduce stereotypies and other abnormal repetitive behaviours in captive animals, including parrots. Few studies, however, have investigated the effects of the different types of enrichment and determined their effect on increasing foraging times and foraging-related activities.To study the effect of different types of enrichment on foraging activity, eleven types of foraging enrichment [multiple bowls, mixing food with inedible items, larger-sized food particles, and 8 puzzle feeders] were tested in 12 Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus erithacus). After acclimatization and assessment of baseline foraging times, enrichments were presented in a random order. Video recordings were used to analyze total foraging times and times spent on the different foraging activities. In addition, the frequencies and duration of foraging bouts, and the times at which they occurred, were determined. The learning curves and presence of habituation to the enrichment over a 1-week period were also assessed.Parrots needed 8.3 ± 1.1 days to learn how to use the foraging enrichments. For two of the puzzle feeders, it took considerably longer. Nine out of eleven foraging enrichments were able to significantly increase foraging times, with the most effective enrichments resulting in a 2-to 2.5-fold increase compared to baseline values (47 ± 18 min). The increases in time spent on foraging could be attributed to an increased amount of time spent on enrichmentrelated activities and/or an increased amount of time spent on food-related activities. None of the enrichments (including the use of multiple bowls in different locations) resulted in significant increases in time spent on locomotory behaviours (i.e. movement towards or away from the feeding site). No significant downwards trends in foraging times were observed over the 1-week observation period. The duration of the observations may, however, have been too short to demonstrate habituation effects.Results of this study show that distinct differences are present in the difficulty level, efficacy and time allocation, thereby affecting the choice for a particular foraging enrichment. Although most of the foraging enrichments were able to significantly increase foraging time, none of the enrichments were able to increase foraging times to levels comparable with that of wild conspecifics (i.e. 4-6 hours per day). New, more effective types of foraging enrichment should therefore be developed and tested.

show abstract

“…preferred the highest tier of an enclosure, and gorillas Gorilla gorilla gorilla preferred the floor level. Other authors suggest that ad libitum access to food in captivity decreases foraging time in favor of social activity (Honess and Marin, 2006). Despite free access to commercial primate pellets, semi-free ranging lion-tailed macaques Macaca silenus and ring-tailed lemurs Lemur catta regularly foraged for plants and seeds (Dierenfield and McCann, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Land use in semi-free ranging Tonkean macaques Macaca tonkeana depends on environmental conditions: A geographical information system approach

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wild animals use their habitat according to ecological pressures such as predation, resource availability or temperature, yet little is known about how individuals use their environment in semi free-ranging conditions. We assessed whether a semi-free ranging group of Tonkean macaques Macaca tonkeana used its wooded parkland in a heterogeneous way. GIS and GPS were used to determine whether individuals adjusted their behaviors according to variation in environmental constraints over time of day and the course of a year. We demonstrated that social and resting activities occurred in high altitude areas and areas with a high density of bushes, whereas the group foraged in areas where the density of bushes and grass was low. In general, the animals used areas exposed to the sun that were not on a slope. Semi-free ranging Tonkean macaques seemed to behave like their wild counterparts in terms of activity budget, land use per activity and thermoregulation [Current Zoology 57 (1): 8-17, 2011].

show abstract

Enrichment and aggression in primates

Cited by 109 publications

References 146 publications

Behavioural Repertoires and Time Budgets of Semi-Free-Ranging and Captive Groups of Wedge-Capped Capuchin Monkeys, Cebus olivaceus, in Zoo Exhibits in Venezuela

Behavioural Repertoires and Time Budgets of Semi-Free-Ranging and Captive Groups of Wedge-Capped Capuchin Monkeys, Cebus olivaceus, in Zoo Exhibits in Venezuela

Efficacy of foraging enrichments to increase foraging time in Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus erithacus)

Land use in semi-free ranging Tonkean macaques Macaca tonkeana depends on environmental conditions: A geographical information system approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About