Entanglement over global distances via quantum repeaters with satellite links

Boone, Kristine; Bourgoin, Jean‐Philippe; Meyer-Scott, Evan; Heshami, Khabat; Jennewein, Thomas; Simon, Christoph

doi:10.1103/physreva.91.052325

Cited by 110 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…These methods rely on generating entanglement over multiple shorter distances, and then connecting the links by entanglement swapping [2], to extend the entanglement over the entire distance. Free-space based proposals using satellites take advantage of reduced photon absorption outside the atmosphere, allowing further distances [18][19][20][21][22]. However, global entanglement distribution using satellites would also require entanglement swapping due to earth curvature [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Free-space based proposals using satellites take advantage of reduced photon absorption outside the atmosphere, allowing further distances [18][19][20][21][22]. However, global entanglement distribution using satellites would also require entanglement swapping due to earth curvature [22]. An ideal distribution network may comprise a combination of fiber and free-space solutions, using fibers for regional distribution and satellites for intercontinental distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficiency of an enhanced linear optical Bell-state measurement scheme with realistic imperfections

et al. 2016

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We compare the standard 50%-efficient single beam splitter method for Bell-state measurement to a proposed 75%-efficient auxiliary-photon-enhanced scheme [W. P. Grice, Phys. Rev. A 84, 042331 (2011)] in light of realistic conditions. The two schemes are compared with consideration for high input state photon loss, auxiliary state photon loss, detector inefficiency and coupling loss, detector dark counts, and non-number-resolving detectors. We also analyze the two schemes when multiplexed arrays of non-number-resolving detectors are used. Furthermore, we explore the possibility of utilizing spontaneous parametric down-conversion as the auxiliary photon pair source required by the enhanced scheme. In these different cases, we determine the bounds on the detector parameters at which the enhanced scheme becomes superior to the standard scheme and describe the impact of the different imperfections on measurement success rate and discrimination fidelity. This is done using a combination of numeric and analytic techniques. For many of the cases discussed, the size of the Hilbert space and the number of measurement outcomes can be very large, which makes direct numerical solutions computationally costly. To alleviate this problem, all of our numerical computations are performed using pure states. This requires tracking the loss modes until measurement and treating dark counts as variations on measurement outcomes rather than modifications to the state itself. In addition, we provide approximate analytic expressions that illustrate the effect of different imperfections on the Bell-state analyzer quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of an enhanced linear optical Bell-state measurement scheme with realistic imperfections

et al. 2016

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“…Metropolitan scale QKD networks are possible using optical fiber or free-space links, but fiber losses and ground-level atmospheric turbulence preclude extending these networks to a global scale. Quantum repeater technology that can overcome these losses is still in the starting stages of being researched [9].Scalable global entanglement distribution can be achieved using a constellation of satellites equipped with spaceto-ground optical links [10]. The technology behind these links are relatively well-documented (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Generation and Analysis of Correlated Pairs of Photons aboard a Nanosatellite

et al. 2016

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Satellites carrying sources of entangled photons could establish a global quantum network, enabling private encryption keys between any two points on Earth. Despite numerous proposals, demonstration of space-based quantum systems has been limited due to the cost of traditional satellites. We are using very small spacecraft to accelerate progress. We report the in-orbit operation of a photon pair source aboard a 1.65 kg nanosatellite and demonstrate pair generation and polarization correlation under space conditions. The in-orbit photon correlations exhibit a contrast of 97 ± 2%, matching ground-based tests. This pathfinding mission overcomes the challenge of demonstrating in-orbit performance for the components of future entangled photon experiments. Ongoing operation establishes the in-orbit lifetime of these critical components. More generally, this demonstrates the ability for nanosatellites to enable faster progress in space-based research.Progress in quantum computers and their threat to public key cryptography is driving new forms of encryption [1]. One promising alternative is quantum key distribution (QKD) which provides provable security underpinned by quantum physics [2]. In particular, QKD can be achieved using pairs of photons that possess fundamental correlations known as quantum entanglement [3]. Practically, entanglement-based QKD enables a reduction in the number of trusted components [4]. A global quantum network for distributing entangled photon pairs will enable strong encryption keys to be shared between any two points on Earth.Entanglement-based QKD is a mature technology [5][6][7] compared with other entanglement-assisted applications. However, it shares a common range limit with more conventional prepare-send-measure QKD schemes [8]. Metropolitan scale QKD networks are possible using optical fiber or free-space links, but fiber losses and ground-level atmospheric turbulence preclude extending these networks to a global scale. Quantum repeater technology that can overcome these losses is still in the starting stages of being researched [9].Scalable global entanglement distribution can be achieved using a constellation of satellites equipped with spaceto-ground optical links [10]. The technology behind these links are relatively well-documented (e.g. [11][12][13]). Most proposals [14] employ a downlink to minimize transmission loss [15]. A source of photon pairs is placed on board a satellite in Earth orbit that will then either act as a trusted relay between two ground nodes, or beam one photon to one ground station and its pair photon to a different ground station. An additional advantage of space-based entanglement systems is that they allow fundamental tests of the possible overlap between quantum and relativistic regimes for which operation in space is necessary [16].Despite many preliminary studies on space quantum systems [11,12,15,[17][18][19][20][21] there has been limited published work demonstrating relevant technology in space [12,21] due to the prohibitive cost of traditional sp...

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“…The ability to detect photonic qubits nondestructively would be very useful for many quantum information applications, including long-distance quantum communication [1,2] and photonic quantum computing [3][4][5]. One approach for nondestructive measurement is to use a single atom or ion that is coupled with high cooperativity to an optical cavity [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive photon detection using a single rare-earth ion coupled to a photonic cavity

et al. 2016

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We study the possibility of using single rare-earth ions coupled to a photonic cavity with high cooperativity for performing nondestructive measurements of photons, which would be useful for global quantum networks and photonic quantum computing. We calculate the achievable fidelity as a function of the parameters of the rare-earth ion and photonic cavity, which include the ion's optical and spin dephasing rates, the cavity linewidth, the single-photon coupling to the cavity, and the detection efficiency. We suggest a promising experimental realization using current state-of-the-art technology in Nd:YVO 4 .

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Entanglement over global distances via quantum repeaters with satellite links

Cited by 110 publications

References 66 publications

Efficiency of an enhanced linear optical Bell-state measurement scheme with realistic imperfections

Efficiency of an enhanced linear optical Bell-state measurement scheme with realistic imperfections

Generation and Analysis of Correlated Pairs of Photons aboard a Nanosatellite

Nondestructive photon detection using a single rare-earth ion coupled to a photonic cavity

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