Enterohemorrhagic
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            O157:H7 Present in Radish Sprouts

Itoh, Yoshinori; Sugita-Konishi, Yoshiko; Kasuga, Fumiko; Iwaki, Masaaki; Hara-Kudo, Yukiko; Saito, Noriko; Noguchi, Yoko; Konuma, Hirotaka; Kumagai, Shinya

doi:10.1128/aem.64.4.1532-1535.1998

Cited by 220 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Evidence of experimental penetration of STEC 0157:H7 in growing vegetables, has been extensively reported in literature (Cooley et al, 2003;Itoh et al, 1998;Solomon et al, 2002a;Solomon et al, 2002b;Takeuchi and Frank, 2000) It has been conclusively proved that human pathogens can enter both stomata and cut edges of fresh produce (Warriner et al, 2009). Like Salmonella, STEC O157 can also reach the substomatal cavity and the spongy mesophyll and survive in this environment (Franz et al, 2007;Itoh et al, 1998;Jablasone et al, 2005;Solomon et al, 2002b;Wachtel et al, 2002;Warriner et al, 2003;Xicohtencatl-Cortes et al, 2009). Thus, under appropriate conditions, enteric pathogens, such as STEC O157:H7 will grow on and invade the plant tissue, following contamination of fresh produce.…”

Section: B) Internalisation Via the Leavesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Urgent advice on the public health risk of Shiga-toxin producingEscherichia coliin fresh vegetables

2011

EFSA Journal

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Section: B) Internalisation Via the Leavesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Urgent advice on the public health risk of Shiga-toxin producingEscherichia coliin fresh vegetables

2011

EFSA Journal

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“…It is relevant that E. coli from cattle, sheep, and pig feces can survive on grass for at least 5-6 months, providing opportunities to contaminate animals, plants, or water (Avery et al, 2004). A study that used immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy reported that after radish seeds were experimentally contaminated with E. coli O157:H7, the bacteria could be detected on the outer surfaces and in the inner tissues of the cotyledons and in stomata (Itoh et al, 1998). Escherichia coli O157:H7 was transmitted from manure-contaminated soil and irrigation water to lettuce plants, and viable bacteria could be recovered from the inner tissues (Solomon et al, 2002).…”

Section: Irrigation Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Routes of Transmission in the Food Chain

Stein

Chirilă

2017

Foodborne Diseases

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“…These food categories have also been recently reported in the EFSA STEC-related Scientific Opinion as an important mode of transmission within the food-borne route (EFSA, 2007b). In the case of sprouted seeds, epidemiological and/or microbiological evidence suggest the seeds to be the most probable source of the pathogen (Itoh et al, 1998). E. coli O157 can grow rapidly to large populations during sprout production (NACMCF, 1999).…”

Section: Pathogenic Escherichia Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surface decontamination of sprouts might be limited by the inaccessibility of the bacteria. E. coli O157:H7 was found both on the outer surfaces and the inner tissue of radish sprouts grown from artificially inoculated seeds (Itoh et al, 1998). In addition, seeds withstand much higher concentrations of sanitizers than sprouts (see Table 4 for the impact of decontamination methods on the germination of the treated seeds).…”

Section: Chemical Decontamination Of Seeds Dry and During Sproutingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risk posed by Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and other pathogenic bacteria in seeds and sprouted seeds

Publication¹

2011

EFS2

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Sprouted seeds are young seedlings obtained from the germination of seeds. They are ready-to-eat foods which have caused large outbreaks. The bacterial pathogens most frequently associated with illness due to contaminated sprouted seeds are Salmonella and to a lesser extent STEC. Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica have also been transmitted by sprouted seeds, albeit very rarely. Dry seed contaminated with bacterial pathogens has been identified as the most likely initial source of sprout-associated outbreaks; although other routes of contamination (e.g. during production due to poor practices) may also occur. In some outbreaks, contamination of seeds with as low as 4 Salmonella per kg was sufficient for the sprouts to cause disease. Seeds purchased by sprouts producers are usually not grown specifically for this purpose. They may be contaminated during production, harvest, storage and transport, and there may be difficulties in traceability of seeds from production to sprouting. Bacterial pathogens on seeds may survive for long periods during seed storage. There is so far no guarantee of a bactericidal step which is able to control contamination of seeds with bacterial foodborne pathogens acquired prior to germination. Due to the high humidity and the favourable temperature during sprouting, bacterial pathogens present on dry seeds can multiply on the sprouts. Contamination with pathogenic bacteria must be minimized by identification of seed crops intended for sprouted seeds production before planting, and application of GAP, GHP, GMP, HACCP principles at all steps of the production chain. The relevance of decontamination treatments of seeds and of microbiological criteria is also discussed. © European Food Safety Authority, 2011 KEY WORDSDecontamination techniques, foodborne pathogenic bacteria, Salmonella, seeds, Shiga toxinproducing E. coli (STEC), sprouted seeds, microbiological criteria, mitigation options. SUMMARYThe European Commission asked the Panel on Biological Hazards to issue a scientific Opinion on the public health risk of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and other pathogenic bacteria that may contaminate seeds and sprouted seeds and in particular the Panel was asked: (i) to assess the public health risk caused by STEC and other pathogenic bacteria that may contaminate both seeds and sprouted seeds intended for direct human consumption; (ii) to the extent possible, to identify risk factors contributing to the development of STEC and other pathogenic bacteria that may contaminate these seeds and sprouted seeds; (iii) to recommend possible specific mitigation options, and to assess their effectiveness and efficiency to reduce the risk throughout the food chain (from the seed production until final consumption); and lastly, (iv) to recommend, if considered relevant, microbiological criteria for seeds and sprouted seeds, water, and other material that may contaminate the seeds and sprouts throughout the production chain.On the assess...

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Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Present in Radish Sprouts

Cited by 220 publications

References 6 publications

Urgent advice on the public health risk of Shiga-toxin producingEscherichia coliin fresh vegetables

Urgent advice on the public health risk of Shiga-toxin producingEscherichia coliin fresh vegetables

Routes of Transmission in the Food Chain

Scientific Opinion on the risk posed by Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and other pathogenic bacteria in seeds and sprouted seeds

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