Enterprise Architecture for e-Government

A Systematic Literature Review on Existing Digital Government Architectures: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Prospects

“…As revealed in the findings of Sedek et al, Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), a one-stop portal service center, semantic web services, integrated and interoperable Digital Government, and layered architectures are the most common current Digital Government architectures. However, several other studies report enterprise (Agarwal et al 2017;Rehman and Shamail 2014;Moreno et al 2014;Janssen and Cresswell 2005), hybrid and distributed (Sedek et al 2013;Meneklis and Douligeris 2007), decentralized Ye et al (2013), and multi-agent-based (Usman et al 2006;Zeeshan Ali Ansari and Imran Khan 2008;García-Sánchez et al 2008) architecture as well, which are not addressed in the study by Sedek et al The authors found that the majority of Digital Government architecture implements G2G and G2C, and most of them (59%) adopt Service Oriented Architecture or Web Services. However, the authors claimed that the architecture analyzed lacks detailed descriptions concerning structural and extra-functional properties.…”

“…Digital Government implementation is an ongoing process, and its development is conceptualized in stages Almarabeh and AbuAli (2010). Accordingly, researchers are increasingly aware of how architecture is essential to the conceptualization of Digital Government development (Agarwal et al 2017;Cellary and Strykowski 2009;Peristeras and Tarabanis 2004) and in establishing government-wide guidelines to develop ICT infrastructure Azad et al (2008). Case studies demonstrate that the use of appropriate architecture can lead to the successful facilitation of Digital Government initiatives and strategies Martin et al (2004).…”

“…Recent research such as (Dutta et al 2017;Sedek et al 2013;Cellary and Strykowski 2009) found that SOA-based architecture is more suitable for Digital Government and according to our findings, most architecture (57%) adopts SOA. Other literature (Agarwal et al 2017;Janssen and Kuk 2006;Zheng and Zheng 2011;Larsson 2011) revealed that Enterprise Architecture has become increasingly popular. Considering the technological aspects of the reviewed architectures, we found that the majority of the architecture employs XML-based technologies, i.e., WSDL, RDF SPARQL, and Web Services, i.e., SOAP and REST, which shows that XML-based technologies and Web Services are the most natural choice candidate technologies and standards to support and base Digital Government systems Meneklis et al (2005).…”

“…Description Provides Kernel or Authentication Service Provider (Beer et al 2006;Khan and Hayat 2009;Wei and Yan 2010;Zhang et al 2008;Lankhorst 2007) This component is responsible to control the end-user access to the system. (Agarwal et al 2017;Leitold 2011;Janssen and Kuk 2006;Lenz and Zwattendorfer 2015) This includes Electronic Entity Databases, and provides a unique digital identity for all the citizens, immigrants, and state organizations.…”

“…Data Exchange or Government Enterprise Bus (Agarwal et al 2017;Zhang et al 2008;Sedek et al 2014;González et al 2012;Sedek et al 2012;Wei and Yan 2010;AlAbdali et al 2019) We found various names for this component such as Middle Layer, Middleware, Digital Government Service Bus, Interoperability Framework, Content Bus, or Enterprise Service Bus, in the literature, but same meaning.…”