Entomofauna associada ao cultivo do cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) no município de Benjamin Constant, Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract

Resumo. O cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) (Solanaceae) é originário da região Amazônica. Suas propriedades alimentares, medicinais e agronômicas têm despertado o interesse de pesquisadores desde 1970. No entanto, estudos sobre insetos em plantas tanto de ocorrência natural como de cultivos são escassos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento da ocorrência de insetos e caracterizar os danos aparentes aos cultivos de cubiu localizados em Benjamin Constant, no Alto Solimões, Amazonas, Brasil. Foram encontradas 51 espécies de insetos adultos distribuídas em 22 famílias e sete ordens. Hymenoptera, Hemiptera e Coleoptera congregam juntas 82,35% das espécies encontradas neste estudo. Hemiptera e Coleoptera são as ordens com maior número de famílias, oito e cinco, respectivamente; enquanto a família Formicidae (Hymenoptera) tem o maior número de espécies (11). Foram registradas 18 espécies de insetos fitófagos, 10 pertencentes à ordem Coleoptera e oito à Hemiptera. O maior número de famílias foi registrado para a ordem Hemiptera com seis, para Coleoptera identificou-se apenas três. Os Coleoptera da espécie Epicauta pestifera Werner (Meloidae) constituem a principal praga do cultivo de cubiu em Benjamin Constant, pois seu ataque em reboleira é capaz de destruir várias plantas em um único dia e exterminar plantios em poucas semanas. Outros fitófagos dos gêneros Colaspis e Cerotoma, ambos Chrysomelidae, ao consumirem o tecido foliar expõem as plantas ao ataque de microrganismos e reduzem a área fotossintética. Enquanto que Edessa rufomarginata De Geer (Pentatomidae, Hemiptera) causa danos diretos e indiretos e merece atenção durante todo o ciclo de produção. Palavras-chave:Alto solimões, injúrias; insetos-praga, morfoespécies. Entomofauna Associated to Cultivation of Cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) inBenjamin Constant City, Amazonas, Brazil Abstract. Cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal, Solanaceae) is originally from Amazon region and its dietary, medicinal and agronomic properties sparked the interest of researchers since 1970. The studies about insects on cubiu plants both of natural occurrence as well as in cultivations, is scarce. This study aims to relate the visitor insect of cubiu plants, with emphasis to the phytophagous species. We found 51 species of the mature insect, distributed among 22 families and seven orders. Hymenoptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera represent together 82.35% of the species found in this study. Coleoptera and Hemiptera are the orders with larger number of families, eight and five, respectively, while Formicidae (Hymenoptera) is the family with the largest number of species (11). We recorded 18 species of phytophagous insects, ten belong to the order Coleoptera and eight to the order Hemiptera. However, the largest number of families was recorded to the order Hemiptera with six, while Coleoptera has only three. The species of beetles Epicauta pestifera Werner (Meloidae) constitute the main pest of the cultivation of cubiu in Benjamin Constant, because the attack in agglom...

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Iphimeis dives (Crysomelidae) Beetle occurrence in beans in western Parana State, Brazil

“…According to Acioli et al (2014), chrysomelids while feeding can cause superficial damage in leaf tissue or even pierce the leaves by making more or less regular and circular shaped holes. When their attack is intense, the leaf is completely perforated, what reduces the photosynthetic capacity, and consequently the production.…”

“…Oliveira and Ramos (2012) point out that it is important to observe the crop development stage in which the damage occurs. For Acioli et al (2014) chrysomelids attack can occur at any stage or period of the plant's development, but occurring preferably in younger plants and leaves, which requires greater care in the early stages of plant growth. Quintela and Barbosa (2014) mentioned that when plants are in a higher stage of development, the damage caused by chrysomelids are smaller.…”

“…It is worth noting that the Chrysomelidae family insects are an important group of phytophagous insects that feed on a wide variety of plants. In addition to leaves, adult chrysomelids also consume root, stem, flowers, pollen and anther, thus causing direct damage, or even being able to act as virus transmitters to the plants, causing indirect damage (Acioli et al, 2014) and resulting in decreased productivity.…”