Entomological Surveillance of Malaria Vectors in Saumlaki, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku Province

Abstract

The research aims to determine the prevalence of malaria and Anopheles spp using bio-ecology surveillance in Alusi and Waturu community health centers in Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency. The study was conducted in March-April 2015 with cross sectional design. In this research, we performed mass blood survey on 489 participants in the Kilmasa village and 434 participants in Waturu village. We also performed entomology surveillances, i.e. larval density, catching Anopheles spp, temperature, humidity, and salinity. To confirm malaria vectors, we used enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. The data analyzed descriptively. The results of the study showed proportion 0.20% malaria morbidity in Kilmasa village and 0.23% in Waturu village. Anopheles flavirostris and An. barbirostris group were likely to bite a human outside and inside the house and peaked at 11.00 pm-12.00 pm. The parous rate of An. flavirostris and An. barbirostris was 46% and 26%, respectively. Human blood index of An.flavirostris and An. barbirostris was 33.3% and by 70%, respectively. Anopheles flavirostri and An. barbirostris were malaria vectors with sporozoite rate 0.38% and 12.5%, respectively.

Effect of Climatic Factors and Habitat Characteristics on Anopheles Larval Density

“…The Anophels farauti larva is the only species that able to live on all type of habitat, whether permanent or not, fresh water or brackish water. The research (Sandy et al, 2017) in Kelaan and Kilmasa, Maluku Tenggara Barat also found out Anophels farauti larva live on fresh water or brackish water habitat. While two other species only found on fresh water habitat.…”

Relation Between Knowledge and Attitude Regarding DHF with PSN Behavior Among the Community Around the Campus

“…The most proper way to eliminate DHF vector is known as Behavior Eradication Mosquito Nest/Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN). It is a way to control the vector as one of the effort to prevent the infection of DHF (Sandy, 2017). The PSN campaign is encouraged by the government through Ministry of Health with 3M motto which mean to clean the water reservoir regularly, to close the water containers properly and to burry the waste goods able to be used by mosquito as nest (Arsin, 2004).…”

Gambaran pengetahuan, perilaku dan pencegahan malaria oleh masyarakat di Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat dan Maluku Barat Daya

“…9 Survei vektor malaria yang dilakukan pada tahun 2015 di Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat dan penelitian yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya pada tahun 2016 ditemukan sumber penularan malaria lebih banyak terjadi di areal perkebunan. 10 Survei terhadap nyamuk dilakukan di lingkungan perkampungan penduduk tidak ditemukan adanya nyamuk Anopheles spp. yang tertangkap, namun kebanyakan yang ditemukan spesies Culex spp.…”

“…Bekas tempurung kelapa sisa hasil kegiatan pembuatan kopra berpotensial sebagai habitat perkembangan nyamuk di musim penghujan. 10 Pencegahan penularan terhadap tingginya angka kesakitan malaria oleh dinas kesehatan setempat dilakukan dengan membagikan kelambu LLINs ke masyarakat.…”

“…Hasil penelitian survei entomologi Sandy dkk (2015) di Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat melaporkan, jika transmisi malaria sebenarnya terjadi lebih banyak di luar lingkungan kampung (di kebun/hutan kelapa) dimana ditemukan beberapa spesies vektor malaria antara lain Anopheles barbirostris group, Anopheles flavirostris, Anopheles farauti dan Anopheles punctulatus. 10 Anopheles spp. aktif menghisap darah pada pukul 18.00 sampai pukul 06.00 dan kepadatan aktifitas menghisap darah Anopheles spp.…”