Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Pest Management

Abstract

The definition biological control has been used in different fields of biology, most notably entomology and plant pathology. It has been used to describe the use of live predatory insects, entomopathogenic nematodes EPNs or microbial pathogens to repress populations of various pest insects in entomology. EPNs are among one of the best biocontrol agents to control numerous economically important insect pests, successfully. Many surveys have been conducted all over the world to get EPNs that may have potential in management of economically important insect pests. The term entomopathogenic comes from the Greek word entomon means insect and pathogenic means causing disease and first occurred in the nematology terminology in reference to the bacterial symbionts of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis. EPNs differ from other parasitic or necromenic nematodes as their hosts are killed within a relatively short period of time due to their mutualistic association with bacteria. They have many advantages over chemical pesticides are in operator and end-user safety, absence of withholding periods, minimising the treated area by monitoring insect populations, minimal damage to natural enemies and lack of environmental pollution. Improvements in mass-production and formulation technology of EPNs, the discovery of numerous efficient isolates and the desirability of increasing pesticide usage have resulted in a surge of scientific and commercial interest in these biological control agents.

Biocontrol Potential of Four Indigenous Entomopathogenic Nematodes From Kenya

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Trend of Biotechnology Applications in Pest Management: A Review

“…Table 1 describes review of the wide array of conventional biotechnology products used for pest management such as (i) Microbial agents , (ii) Bionano-agents, (iii) Natural enemies, predators and entomophagus insects, Parasites, parasitoids and herbivorus/ phytophagus insects, (iv) Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), (v) Botanicals or plant based biocontrol agents, (vi) Biopesticides and (vii) IPMinvolving biocontrol agents or biopesticides. Endophytes (Mousa and Raizada, 2015;Braga et al, 2016) Microbial Detoxification of Mycotoxins (McCormick, 2013) Entomopathogenic fungi (Dar et al, 2017a;Sultana et al, 2017;Maina et al, 2018) Entomopathogenic nematodes (Gozel and Gozel, 2016);…”

Time Management Behaviors of the Students who Study in Sports Sciences

“…Tablo 1'de katılımcılar cinsiyet faktörüne göre incelendiğinde tüm alt boyutlara ilişkin puanlar yüksektir fakat istatistiksel olarak "Zaman Harcattırıcılar" ile "Genel Zaman Yönetimi" puanları arasında cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir Nelson ve Nelson (2003) yapmış oldukları çalışmada, kız öğrencilerin genel olarak zaman yönetiminde daha iyi durumda olduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Benzer şekilde yapılan diğer araştırmalarda da zaman tuzakları olan zaman harcattırıcılar alt boyutlarında kadınlar lehine farklılık olduğu belirtilmektedir (Caz ve Tunçkol, 2015;Gözel, 2009;Demirtaş ve Özer, 2007;Erdul, 2005;Trueman ve Hartley, 1996;Gümüş, Ayna ve Yıldırım, 2018;Misra ve Mckean, 2000). Karaoğlu (2015) ise yaptığı çalışmada zaman yönetimi ve alt boyutlarının cinsiyet faktöründen etkilenmediğini bildirmiştir.…”