Entomopathogenic nematodes induce components of systemic resistance in plants: Biochemical and molecular evidence

Effect of entomopathogenic nematodes on the plant-parasitic nematode Nacobbus aberrans

“…Consequently, these variables should be evaluated in similar studies to have a better understanding of the suppressive effect of EPNs. The reduction of the reproductive potential of N. aberrans might be attributed to the possible ISR as suggested by Jagdale et al (2009).…”

“…Such effect was attributed to induced systemic resistance (ISR) in the plant by insect-parasitic nematodes. Later, Jagdale et al (2009) observed that the application of IJs of S. carpocapsae and its bacterial symbiont (X. nematophila) to the rhizosphere of the same plant stimulated the activity of Pperoxidase, G-peroxidase, and catalase in leaves; these enzyme activities would be responsible for ISR. As mentioned above, no differences in number of galls were observed between treatments; this finding indicates that IJs of EPNs did not affect N. aberrans penetration to the roots.…”

Entomopathogenic Nematodes in the Soil Environment: Distributions, Interactions and the Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Factors

“…In contrast, Grewal, Martin, Miller, & Lewis (1997) found no effects of application of S. carpocapsae or S. glaseri on free-living nematodes. EPNs appear to interact negatively with certain plant parasitic nematodes, and can reduce their populations and associated plant damage (Grewal, Lewis, & Venkatachari, 1999;Ishibashi & Kondo, 1986;Jagdale, Kamoun, & Grewal, 2009;Jagdale, Somasekhar, Grewal, & Klein, 2002;Lewis, Grewal, & Sardanelli, 2001;Somasekhar, Grewal, DeNardo, & Stinner, 2002).…”

Three dimensional study of wounded plant roots recruiting entomopathogenic nematodes with Pluronic gel as a medium

“…might be one of the most important steps. Insect herbivore damaged plants have been shown to release chemical compounds (plant exudates) that recruit the natural enemies of their pests, and some plant exudates have been shown to attract EPNs resulting in more efficient bio-control (Ali et al, 2010(Ali et al, , 2011Aratchige et al, 2004;Choo et al, 1989;Gassmann et al, 2010;Hiltpold and Turlings, 2008;Jagdale et al, 2009;Rasmann et al, 2005;Turlings et al, 2012;Wang and Gaugler, 1998;Van Tol et al, 2001). Root exudates not only play a role as attractants, signal molecules, and stimulants to beneficial organisms, but also as inhibitors and repellents to soil pathogens or pests, which form mutualistic associations in the rhizosphere including root-root, root-microbe and root-insect interactions (Badri et al, 2009;Baetz and Martinoia, 2014;Bais et al, 2006).…”