Entropy as a Measure of Attractiveness and Socioeconomic Complexity in Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area

Lenormand, Maxime; Samaniego, Horacio; Chaves, Julio; Vieira, Vinícius da Fonseca; Silva, Moacyr Alvim Horta Barbosa da; Evsukoff, Alexandre G.

doi:10.3390/e22030368

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Specifically, we compute a modified version of the mobility diversity indicator proposed by Pappalardo et al in [ 28 ], and use it similarly to what is done in the work of Lenormand et al [ 27 ]. More precisely, Pappalardo et al [ 28 ] compute the mobility diversity based on each individual’s mobility, whereas Lenormand et al [ 27 ] consider the attractiveness of a location taking into account where people live and visit. Contrarily to what done by Lenormand et al [ 27 ], we are not interested in the zone where people live, but in capturing the trip-chaining characteristics of overall travels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in the spatial landscape of urban mobility: Gender and socioeconomic perspectives

et al. 2022

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Many of our routines and activities are linked to our ability to move; be it commuting to work, shopping for groceries, or meeting friends. Yet, factors that limit the individuals’ ability to fully realise their mobility needs will ultimately affect the opportunities they can have access to (e.g. cultural activities, professional interactions). One important aspect frequently overlooked in human mobility studies is how gender-centred issues can amplify other sources of mobility disadvantages (e.g. socioeconomic inequalities), unevenly affecting the pool of opportunities men and women have access to. In this work, we leverage on a combination of computational, statistical, and information-theoretical approaches to investigate the existence of systematic discrepancies in the mobility diversity (i.e. the diversity of travel destinations) of (1) men and women from different socioeconomic backgrounds, and (2) work and non-work travels. Our analysis is based on datasets containing multiple instances of large-scale, official, travel surveys carried out in three major metropolitan areas in South America: Medellín and Bogotá in Colombia, and São Paulo in Brazil. Our results indicate the presence of general discrepancies in the urban mobility diversities related to the gender and socioeconomic characteristics of the individuals. Lastly, this paper sheds new light on the possible origins of gender-level human mobility inequalities, contributing to the general understanding of disaggregated patterns in human mobility.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this objective in mind, we analyse urban mobility through the lenses of mobility diversity [ 27 – 29 ]. In our formulation, the mobility diversity is measured as the Shannon entropy of the empirical probability distribution of travels made towards the set of zones or sub-areas (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the spatial landscape of urban mobility: Gender and socioeconomic perspectives

et al. 2022

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“…One of the more readily used indicators of concentration is the entropy coefficient, widely used as early as the 1970s (Hart, 1971) to study market concentration. However, in the literature we find numerous applications of concentration analysis in other research areas (Paulson and Garrison 1973;Harmanciouglu, Singh, and Alpaslan 2012;Lenormand et al, 2020). As a concept derived from information theory, entropy is a synthetic, relative measure of the degree of disorder in a given set understood as the dispersion of the probability distribution of the values of a random variable.…”

Section: Quantitative Survey Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Education Financing: Explaining the Expenditure Concentration Gap between the State and Local Governments in Poland 2008-2019

Kotlińska¹,

Nucińska²,

Bednarz³

2021

ERSJ

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Purpose: The aim of this article is to explain the differences between the educational expenses of municipalities and cities in Poland and the educational subvention received by them from the state budget, in particular the scale of the violation of the actual educational expenses of municipalities and cities by their original structure as a result of aggregated decisions of local authorities. Design/Methodology/Approach: The concentration degree of educational expenditure and subvention streams using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), for 2008-2019 from the database of the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office has been used. Findings: The educational subvention was universal (nationwide), which is evidenced by the low degree of its concentration for all the studied groups of entities, the highest HHI values for educational expenses were recorded in the cities with county rights in terms of expenses on subsidies, property expenses, expenses on materials and services, as well as total expenses, and the higher degree of concentration of these expenditures as measured by the HHI results from uncoordinated financial decisions of the cities authorities concerning expenditures on education, disturbing the universal character of the nationwide educational subvention in aggregate were observed. Recommendations: There is a need for systemic actions of central and local authorities to reduce the level of imbalance in financing education by local governments. Practical Implications: for the empirical identification of determinants of the educational expenditure and subvention level of municipalities as a starting point for a discussion on the actual scale of financial responsibility for education in Poland. Originality/Value: To estimate the concentration gap between educational expenditure and subvention for groups of entities under study, local governments, municipalities and cities.

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“…This is achieved by looking at the relative abundance and volume of flows embodied in the weights of the links. Although the study of flows by means of entropy has not been widely adopted, certain studies have validated its use for addressing key urban matters such as the analysis of patterns of spatial dispersion to inform choice models for urban transportation 31 ; the use of in- and out-commuting entropy on different cities to explain variations in economic growth 32 ; the use of entropy of individual users trajectories to study the correspondence of mobility diversity to social behaviour and socio-economic indicators 33 , 34 , as a measure of spatial inequality and attractiveness 35 , or the use of entropy of individual vehicular mobility to characterise spatio-temporal patterns of activities along the day 36 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering structural diversity in commuting networks: global and local entropy

Marín

Molinero

Arcaute

2022

Sci Rep

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In this paper we revisit the concept of mobility entropy. Over time, the structure of spatial interactions among urban centres tends to become more complex and evolves from centralised models to more scattered origin and destination patterns. Entropy measures can be used to explore this complexity, and to quantify the degree of structural diversity of in- and out-flows at different scales and across the system. We use toy models of commuting networks to examine global and local measures, allowing the comparison to occur between different parts of the system. We show that entropy at the link and node level give different insights on the characteristics of the systems, enabling us to identify employment hubs and interdependencies between and within different parts of the system. We compute the measures in the commuting networks of the Northern Powerhouse and Greater South East regions in the UK to examine their relevance when studying real systems of cities. Finally we discuss how these can be used to inform planning and policy decisions oriented towards decentralisation and resilience.

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Entropy as a Measure of Attractiveness and Socioeconomic Complexity in Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area

Cited by 19 publications

References 58 publications

Differences in the spatial landscape of urban mobility: Gender and socioeconomic perspectives

Differences in the spatial landscape of urban mobility: Gender and socioeconomic perspectives

Education Financing: Explaining the Expenditure Concentration Gap between the State and Local Governments in Poland 2008-2019

Uncovering structural diversity in commuting networks: global and local entropy

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