Environmental and economic impacts of fertilizer drawn forward osmosis and nanofiltration hybrid system

Kim, Jung Eun; Phuntsho, Sherub; Chekli, Laura; Hong, Seungkwan; Ghaffour, Noreddine; Leiknes, Tor Ove; Choi, Joon Yong; Shon, Ho Kyong

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2017.05.001

Cited by 75 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Investigation of forward osmosis application ranges from lab-scale experiments (with either synthetic or real water) to full-scale implementation (with real water) and covers many fields, including: seawater desalination to produce drinking water [ 62 , 63 , 64 ], emergency water supply with so-called hydration bags [ 78 ], treatment of wastewater from oil and gas production as well as from mining [ 34 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 ], agricultural use for fertigation [ 83 , 84 , 85 ], biological wastewater treatment with osmotic membrane bioreactors [ 37 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 ], treatment of anaerobic digester centrate [ 90 , 91 ], microbial fuel cells [ 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 ], removal of trace organic compounds [ 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ]. …”

Section: Forward Osmosis Application—state Of Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward Osmosis Application in Manufacturing Industries: A Short Review

Haupt

Lerch

2018

Membranes

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Forward osmosis (FO) is a membrane technology that uses the osmotic pressure difference to treat two fluids at a time giving the opportunity for an energy-efficient water and wastewater treatment. Various applications are possible; one of them is the application in industrial water management. In this review paper, the basic principle of FO is explained and the state-of-the-art regarding FO application in manufacturing industries is described. Examples of FO application were found for food and beverage industry, chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, coal processing, micro algae cultivation, textile industry, pulp and paper industry, electronic industry, and car manufacturing. FO publications were also found about heavy metal elimination and cooling water treatment. However, so far FO was applied in lab-scale experiments only. The up-scaling on pilot- or full-scale will be the essential next step. Long-term fouling behavior, membrane cleaning methods, and operation procedures are essential points that need to be further investigated. Moreover, energetic and economic evaluations need to be performed before full-scale FO can be implemented in industries.

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Section: Forward Osmosis Application—state Of Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward Osmosis Application in Manufacturing Industries: A Short Review

Haupt

Lerch

2018

Membranes

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“…It is widely recognised that the DS recovery represents the greatest challenge to the technical and economic feasibility of the FO process (Chekli et al, 2016;Johnson et al, 2018). It has, for example, been calculated that recovery of the permeate and draw solution incurs costs 65-140% higher than conventional RO for agricultural or diluted mining wastewater reclamation (Corzo et al, 2018;Kim et al, 2017). FO has nonetheless been mooted as an alternative to conventional demineralisation by RO for wastewater treatment and reclamation (Ansari et al, 2017;Valladares Linares et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical determination of the whole-life cost of FO-based open-loop wastewater reclamation technologies

et al. 2019

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Over the past 5-10 years it has become apparent that the significant energy benefit provided by forward osmosis (FO) for desalination arises only when direct recovery of the permeate product from the solution used to transfer the water through the membrane (the draw solution) is obviated. These circumstances occur specifically when wastewater purification is combined with saline water desalination. It has been suggested that, for such an "open loop" system, the FO technology offers a lower-cost water reclamation option than the conventional process based on reverse osmosis (RO). An analysis is presented of the costs incurred by this combined treatment objective. Three process schemes are considered combining the FO or RO technologies with membrane bioreactors (MBRs): MBR-RO, MBR-FO-RO and osmotic MBR (OMBR)-RO. Calculation of the normalised net present value (NPV/permeate flow) proceeded through developing a series of empirical equations based on available individual capital and operating cost data. Cost curves (cost vs. flow capacity) were generated for each option using literature MBR and RO data and making appropriate assumptions regarding the design and operation of the novel FO and OMBR technologies. Calculations revealed the MBR-FO-RO and OMBR-RO schemes to respectively offer a~20% and 30% NPV benefit over the classical MBR-RO scheme at a permeate flow of 10,000 m 3 .d-1 , provided the respective schemes are applied to high and low salinity wastewaters. Outcomes are highly sensitive to the FO or OMBR flux sustained: the relative NPV benefit (compared to the classical system) of the OMBR-RO scheme declined from 30% to~4% on halving the OMBR flux from a value of 6 L.m-2 .h-1 .

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“…Starting with the costs, CAPEX was calculated assuming a plant treating 10 m 3 /day of urine with (I) plant availability of 0.95, (II) 6% interest rate, (III) pump efficiency of 0.85. Construction and equipment costs were also included (Kim et al 2017b). The construction cost includes pressure vessels, pumps, piping and others (i.e., civil engineering, intakes, working capital and contingencies) while the equipment cost includes membranes and materials (Chekli et al 2017, Valladares Linares et al 2016).…”

Section: Economic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, the OPEX was calculated based on the membrane replacement rate (i.e., 10%), FO membrane cost (i.e., 1000 $/element), electrical cost, chemical cleaning and others such as repairs, laboratory fees, labour and insurance (Valladares Linares et al 2016). For the pumping energy calculations, pressure losses of bar, for the feed channel, and of 0.5 bar for the draw channel were assumed (Kim et al 2017b). All the detailed information on the input of the cost analysis are summarised in the supporting information (SI) (Table S1).…”

Section: Economic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-economic feasibility of recovering phosphorus, nitrogen and water from dilute human urine via forward osmosis

et al. 2019

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Due to high phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) content, human urine has often proven to suitable raw material for fertiliser production. However, most of the urine diverting toilets or male urinals dilute the urine 2 to 10 times. This decreases the efficiency in the precipitation of P and stripping of N. In this work, a commercial fertiliser blend was used as forward osmosis (FO) draw solution (DS) to concentrate real diluted urine. During the concentration, the urea in the urine is recovered as it diffuses to the fertiliser. Additionally, the combination of concentrate PO4 3-, reverse Mg 2+ flux from the DS and the Mg 2+ presents in the flushing water, was able to recover the PO4 3as struvite. With 50% concentrated urine, 93% P recovery was achieved without the addition of an external Mg 2+ . Concurrently, 50% of the N was recovered in the diluted fertiliser DS. An economic analysis was performed to understand the feasibility of this process. It was found that the revenue from the produced fertilisers could potentially offset the operational and capital costs of the system.Additionally, if the reduction in the downstream nutrients load is accounted for, the total revenue of the process would be over 5.3 times of the associated costs.

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Environmental and economic impacts of fertilizer drawn forward osmosis and nanofiltration hybrid system

Cited by 75 publications

References 36 publications

Forward Osmosis Application in Manufacturing Industries: A Short Review

Forward Osmosis Application in Manufacturing Industries: A Short Review

An empirical determination of the whole-life cost of FO-based open-loop wastewater reclamation technologies

Techno-economic feasibility of recovering phosphorus, nitrogen and water from dilute human urine via forward osmosis

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