Environmental Health Impact Assessment

Fehr, Rainer

doi:10.1097/00001648-199909000-00031

Cited by 44 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Examples of this approach, which is not necessarily labeled "HIA," include work in the Netherlands on risks associated with airport siting (3); research in Germany on air pollution policy (23); and analyses in the United States of the potential effects of dietary modification (11), municipal "Living Wage" ordinances (9, 16), residential building codes (27), recommendations to increase fish consumption (60), alternatives for water treatment (64), and measures to decrease air pollution (50).…”

Section: Types Of Hiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Impact Assessment: A Tool to Help Policy Makers Understand Health Beyond Health Care

Cole

Fielding

2007

Annu. Rev. Public Health

188

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Health impact assessment (HIA)-a combination of methods to examine formally the potential health effects of a proposed policy, program, or project-has received considerable interest over the past decade internationally as a practical mechanism for collaborating with other sectors to address the environmental determinants of health and to achieve more effectively the goals of population health promotion. Demand for HIA in the United States seems to be growing. This review outlines the common principles and methodologies of HIA and compares different approaches to HIA. Lessons learned from the related field of environmental impact assessment and from experience with HIA in other countries are examined. Possible avenues for advancing both the field and the broader goals of population health promotion are outlined. HIA AS A NEW TOOL FOR AN OLD WAY OF DOING PUBLIC HEALTHFrom the time of Hippocrates public health practitioners have looked to the environment to identify the causes of ill health and for potential opportunities to advance well being. The seminal "Report on a General Plan for the Promotion of Public and Personal Health" to the Massachusetts legislature, authored by Lemuel Shattuck (69) in the mid nineteenth century, and the writings of Rudolf Virchow (72, p. 72) in that same century suggest a continuing recognition of the centrality of social and physical environmental effects on health. Snow's apocryphal removal of well pump handles to stem an outbreak of cholera, Gorgas' efforts to control yellow fever and malaria during the building of the Panama Canal, the dramatic improvements in motor vehicle safety in the United States as a result of improved vehicle standards and roadway infrastructure, and reductions in tobacco use over the past several decades demonstrate the potential of an environmental approach for improving public health. Although a more individualistic approach, emphasizing biomedical and behavioral paradigms, has frequently dominated the field since the mid-twentieth century (72), concern about the environmental determinants of disease remains a vital principal of public health (45). Over the past quarter century the World Health Organization has set forth a number of major declarations and initiatives calling for a return to an environmental approach to improving population health, including the Alma Ata Declaration (82), the Ottawa Charter on Health Promotion (82a), the Jakarta Declaration on Health Promotion (83), the Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion (86), and the Healthy Cities movement (5). Similar declarations have been made at the national level, including most significantly the Lalonde Report (39) in Canada and the Acheson Report (2) in the United Kingdom. Because the ability to modify many of the environmental determinants of disease lies outside the traditional province of public health agencies, intersectoral cooperation in creating healthy public policy (46) has been a common theme throughout these declarations and initiatives. Questions remain, however, about how...

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Section: Types Of Hiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Impact Assessment: A Tool to Help Policy Makers Understand Health Beyond Health Care

Cole

Fielding

2007

Annu. Rev. Public Health

188

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“…Ponds and other types of water harvesting in Ethiopia have also enhanced the availability of suitable habitat for Anopheles mosquitoes and led to increased transmission of malaria (Ghebreyesus et al 1999 Adapted participatory health impact assessment (PHIA) Agricultural water storage development can be guided by national policies, but with the exception of large dams, the implementation often occurs in an ad-hoc fashion. For large-scale water resources development, usually formal environmental impact assessments (EIA), with or without additional or incorporated health impact assessments (HIA; Birley 1995;Fehr 1999), are required by governments and funding agencies. However, environmental or health issues are rarely considered in the planning and design of smaller water interventions, since it is not economically viable to conduct formal impact assessments for many small structures.…”

Section: Ethiopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Options for water storage and rainwater harvesting to improve health and resilience against climate change in Africa

et al. 2012

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West and East Africa experience high variability of rainfall that is expected to increase with climate change. This results in fluctuations in water availability for food production and other socioeconomic activities. Water harvesting and storage can mitigate the adverse effects of rainfall variability. But past studies have shown that when investments in water storage are not guided by environmental health considerations, the increased availability of open water surface may increase the transmission of waterrelated diseases. This is demonstrated for schistosomiasis associated with small reservoirs in Burkina Faso, and for malaria in Ethiopia around large dams, small dams, and water harvesting ponds. The concern is that the rush to develop water harvesting and storage for climate change adaptation may increase the risk for already vulnerable people, in some cases more than canceling out the benefits of greater water availability. Taking health issues into account in a participatory approach to planning, design, and management of rainwater harvesting and water storage, as well as considering the full range of water storage options would enable better opportunities for enhancing resilience against climate change in vulnerable populations in sub-Saharan Africa.

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“…La predicción del impacto sobre la salud se realiza mediante la integración del conocimiento sobre la cantidad de contaminantes presentes en todos los medios de exposición (agua, aire, suelo, fl ora y fauna), el tipo de exposición potencial y el análisis de la población receptora (tamaño, edad, género, estado de salud, y hábitos) 14 .…”

Section: Cómo Incorporar El Análisis De Riesgo Sobre La Salud En El Sunclassified

Evaluación de riesgo para la salud pública: nuevo instrumento de gestión ambiental para Chile

Correa

2011

Rev. méd. Chile

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Environmental Health Impact Assessment

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Health Impact Assessment: A Tool to Help Policy Makers Understand Health Beyond Health Care

Health Impact Assessment: A Tool to Help Policy Makers Understand Health Beyond Health Care

Options for water storage and rainwater harvesting to improve health and resilience against climate change in Africa

Evaluación de riesgo para la salud pública: nuevo instrumento de gestión ambiental para Chile

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