Environmental stress and local adaptation in Daphnia magna

Abstract

The effects of fish kairomones, crowding chemicals, and day length on the life-history traits of a set of 16 Daphnia magna clones, derived from four populations that differ in fish-predation pressure, were studied. Significant among-population differences were observed, the differences being in concordance with the hypothesis of local adaptation. The among-population genetic differences were not mediated through a change in response to fish kairomones, but through an overall smaller body size, smaller eggs, and a higher number of eggs in clones derived from habitats in which fish are present. Using a model, we show that the observed changes in life-history characteristics may lead to differences in fitness under different predation regimes, such that populations from habitats with fish have highest fitness under fish-predation regimes and populations without a fish background have higher fitness values under invertebrate predation regimes.

The Role of AChE in Swimming Behavior of Daphnia magna: Correlation Analysis of Both Parameters Affected by Deltamethrin and Methomyl Exposure

“…D. magna is a standard organism for toxicity tests, and the species has often been used in bioassays and environmental monitoring of aquatic systems due to the ease and the low economical cost of maintaining cultures [ 38 ]. Behavior responses of D. magna to environmental stress have been reported [ 39 – 41 ], and there have been a multitude of researches on the toxic endpoint at different levels, for example, individual growth and reproductivity [ 42 ], embryonic development and sex differentiation [ 42 ], acetylcholinesterase activity [ 43 ], and cellular and molecular level [ 44 ]. Lovern et al [ 45 ] have investigated the effects of different chemicals on both behavior and physiological changes of D. magna , Jensen et al [ 46 ] have established a cause-effect relationship between acetylcholinesterase inhibition and altered locomotor behavior in the carabid beetle, Sismeiro-Vivas et al [ 47 ] have investigated the short-term effects of quirlan on the behavior and acetylcholinesterase activity of Gambusia holbrooki , and Tilton et al [ 48 ] have made relationship analysis between AChE inhibition and behavior in zebrafish exposed to copper or chlorpyrifos separately or as mixtures.…”

Stirring up the relationship between quantified environmental DNA concentrations and exoskeleton‐shedding invertebrate densities

“…A previous study demonstrated that high Daphnia densities are negatively correlated with metabolic rates (Delong et al, 2014). Possibly, metabolic rates were inhibited more strongly at high densities than at lower densities (Boersma et al, 1999;Garreta-Lara et al, 2018). Moreover, crowding can induce similar responses as food shortages (Garreta-Lara et al, 2018), which reduce growth and molting rates (and hence eDNA shedding (Chang & Mykles, 2011;Hartnoll, 2001)).…”

“…Before each sample, a new pipette was taken, and the strainer was cleaned. Since introducing D. magna to a new environment might induce a stress response, resulting in higher metabolic activity and therefore higher eDNA production, we started taking water samples at the second day following introduction to the microcosms (Boersma et al, 1999;Garreta-Lara et al, 2018).…”

Interpopulation variation in predator avoidance behavior of a freshwater snail to the same predator

“…Animals have been shown to adapt to their predators by altering morphology (e.g., Vermeij 1976;Kishida et al 2007), life histories (e.g., Reznick and Endler 1982;Boersma et al 1999), and behavior (e.g., De Meester 1996; Cousyn et al 2001;Cotton et al 2004). Predator avoidance behaviors are common among animals, and the behavioral mechanisms used may vary substantially between species (Sih 1987;Lima and Dill 1990;Dodson et al 1994).…”