Environmental Stresses and Livestock Reproduction

Naqvi, S. M. K.; Kumar, Davendra; Paul, Rajani Kr.; Sejian, Veerasamy

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29205-7_5

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Specific effects observed include reduction in the daily average weight gain, body mass and conditions of the livestock, with reduced fat and lactose, and increased acidic contents in milk produced. Reproduction inefficiencies, however, result from heat stress affecting spermatocytes production in males and ovarian function and embryonic development in female livestock (Naqvi et al, 2012;Sejian et al, 2016). Shongwe (2013) observed that incursion of alien species is highly conceivable with climate change which promulgates the occurrence and intensity of livestock pests and diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception And Adaptation Responses To Climate Change: An Assessment Of Smallholder Livestock Farmers In Amathole District Municipality, Eastern Cape Province

Popoola¹,

Monde²,

Yusuf³

2019

S Afr. Jnl. Agric. Ext.

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Livestock is a critical asset for many rural poor, however, the current climate crisis is affecting livestock farmers. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in order to assess the farmers' perceptions of climate change, and its impact on production and adaptation responses. Using a multistage sampling procedure, a total of 142 smallholder livestock farmers were selected from 18 villages across the study area. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools were used and the observed results showed that there has been a perceived drastic decline in rainfall in the area over the last 25 years. Some of the perceived impacts were poor vegetation and limited grazing, scarcity of water resources, decreased livestock growth rate, weight, milk production and reproduction rates. Adaptation responses were limited as the results showed that the only response measures taken amongst the many options available were changing grazing routes, increasing grazing distances, destocking, water harvesting and storage, and increased dependence on social welfare. An examination of farmers' perceptions of their adopted responses showed that none of the response measures were perceived as significantly effective. The lack of effective response to the climate change crisis is a cause for concern, as the livestock industry is endemic to the region and sustains families and entire communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception And Adaptation Responses To Climate Change: An Assessment Of Smallholder Livestock Farmers In Amathole District Municipality, Eastern Cape Province

Popoola¹,

Monde²,

Yusuf³

2019

S Afr. Jnl. Agric. Ext.

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“…The high ambient temperature and solar radiation as a result of climate change may affect the reproductive rhythm via the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian axis [13]. Various studies also revealed a significant negative correlation between environmental temperature and the reproductive hormone concentration, which in turn cause compromised reproductive efficiency in farm animals [14,15]. The foremost important factors that regulate the ovarian activity are the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), from the hypothalamus, and the gonadotropins (FSH and LH), from anterior hypophysis.…”

Section: Reproductive Hormones In Female Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of the Heat Stress Impact in Livestock Reproduction

Krishnan¹,

Bagath²,

Pragna³

et al. 2017

Theriogenology

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Heat stress affects the fertility and reproductive livestock performance by compromising the physiology reproductive tract, through hormonal imbalance, decreased oocyte quality and poor semen quality, and decreased embryo development and survival. Heat stress decreases the secretion of luteinizing hormone and estradiol resulting in reduced length and intensity of estrus expression, increased incidence of anoestrus and silent heat in farm animals. Oocytes exposed to thermal stress lose its competence for fertilization and development into the blastocyst stage, which results in decreased fertility because of the production of poor quality oocytes and embryos. Furthermore, low progesterone secretion limits the endometrial functions, and subsequently embryo development. In addition, the increased secretion of endometrial prostaglandin F2 alpha during heat stress threatens the maintenance of pregnancy. In general, the percentage of conception rate was found to be reduced by 4.6% for each unit increase in temperature humidity index (THI) above 70, and heat stress during pregnancy further slows down the growth of the foetus and results in lower birth weight. In tropical and subtropical regions, during hot days, the testicular temperature may increase and impair both the spermatogenic cycle and semen quality, which culminates in decreased bull fertility. The effects of heat stress on livestock can be minimized via adapting suitable scientific strategies comprising physical modifications of the environment, nutritional management and genetic development of breeds that are less sensitive to heat stress. In addition, the summer infertility may be countered through advanced reproductive technologies involving hormonal treatments, timed artificial insemination and embryo transfer, which may enhance the chances for establishing pregnancy in farm animals.

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“…The main element for the hypothalamus regulating ovarian activity is the GnRH and the gonadotropins, i.e., FSH and L H., from the anterior pituitary gland, which tends to be also affected (Bekele, 2017). Heat stress also results in reduced length and intensity of the estrous period, adversely affecting their conception due to reduced estradiol secretion (Naqvi & Sejian, 2011;Naqvi et al, 2012). In addition, during pregnancy, heat stress can slow down embryonic development, resulting in reduced fetal growth and subsequently small calf size (Samir, 2017).…”

Section: Increased Temperature and Effects On Livestock Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change Impacts on Livestock Production and Possible Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies in Developing Countries: A Review

Prasad¹,

Dean²,

Alungo³

2022

JAS

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Livestock production is an essential component of food security in developing countries across the globe. Apart from providing food, livestock production offers smallholder farmers a wide range of benefits, such as income, employment, and fuel. However, as human populations in developing countries increase, the demand for livestock production will also increase. At the same time, the world is experiencing rapid global warming, and climate change is expected to affect livestock production in multiple ways. This review paper aims to present insights on some livestock production areas, particularly beef and dairy, that are affected by climate change and will discuss possible adaptation and mitigation strategies for developing countries to adapt to and mitigate the impacts.

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Environmental Stresses and Livestock Reproduction

Cited by 19 publications

References 146 publications

Perception And Adaptation Responses To Climate Change: An Assessment Of Smallholder Livestock Farmers In Amathole District Municipality, Eastern Cape Province

Perception And Adaptation Responses To Climate Change: An Assessment Of Smallholder Livestock Farmers In Amathole District Municipality, Eastern Cape Province

Mitigation of the Heat Stress Impact in Livestock Reproduction

Climate Change Impacts on Livestock Production and Possible Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies in Developing Countries: A Review

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