Environmental usefulness of PLA/PEG blends for controlled‐release systems of soil‐applied herbicides

Rychter, Piotr; Lewicka, Kamila; Rogacz, Diana

doi:10.1002/app.47856

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…These droplets took on a three-dimensional character. The hydrolytic degradation occurs in the bulk of polymers, causing chain scissions and molecular weight reducing [46]. After polymers swelling it was possible for water molecules to penetrate deeply into the polymer bulk.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Degradability of Polyurethanes and Their Blends with Polylactide, Chitosan and Starch

et al. 2021

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One of the methods of making traditional polymers more environmentally friendly is to modify them with natural materials or their biodegradable, synthetic equivalents. It was assumed that blends with polylactide (PLA), polysaccharides: chitosan (Ch) and starch (St) of branched polyurethane (PUR) based on synthetic poly([R,S]-3-hydroxybutyrate) (R,S-PHB) would degrade faster in the processes of hydrolysis and oxidation than pure PUR. For the sake of simplicity in the publication, all three modifiers: commercial PLA, Ch created by chemical modification of chitin and St are called bioadditives. The samples were incubated in a hydrolytic and oxidizing environment for 36 weeks and 11 weeks, respectively. The degradation process was assessed by observation of the chemical structure as well as the change in the mass of the samples, their molecular weight, surface morphology and thermal properties. It was found that the PUR samples with the highest amount of R,S-PHB and the lowest amount of polycaprolactone triol (PCLtriol) were degraded the most. Moreover, blending with St had the greatest impact on the susceptibility to degradation of PUR. However, the rate of weight loss of the samples was low, and after 36 weeks of incubation in the hydrolytic solution, it did not exceed 7% by weight. The weight loss of Ch and PLA blends was even smaller. However, a significant reduction in molecular weight, changes in morphology and changes in thermal properties indicated that the degradation of the samples should occur quickly after this time. Therefore, when using these polyurethanes and their blends, it should be taken into account that they should decompose slowly in their initial life. In summary, this process can be modified by changing the amount of R,S-PHB, the degree of cross-linking, and the type and amount of second blend component added (bioadditives).

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Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Degradability of Polyurethanes and Their Blends with Polylactide, Chitosan and Starch

et al. 2021

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“…Several publications have reported the promising benefits of biodegradable copolymer use for CDDSs of pesticides and fertilizers, such as reducing environmental hazards, improving agricultural product yields, decreasing environmental contamination and reducing phytotoxicity. [183][184][185][186] Under these advantages, Wang et al reported CDDSs for pesticides, azoxystrobin, and difenoconazole, by exploiting the solvent evaporation method to obtain low toxicity and synergetic effects by utilizing microsphere poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) blended with PLA (70/30 w/w) as shells. Compared to the difenoconazole-ascomycete (5:8) 32.5% w/v suspension concentrate (SC) with 17 days of release, it was the PLA/PBS microsphere which helped the cumulative release of the drugs for up to 25 days at a concentration ratio of about 85%.…”

Section: Applications Of Pla Blends In Cddssmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Burgeoning Polymer Nano Blends for Improved Controlled Drug Release: A Review</p>

Maghsoudi¹,

Shahraki²,

Rabiee³

et al. 2020

IJN

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With continual rapid developments in the biomedical field and understanding of the important mechanisms and pharmacokinetics of biological molecules, controlled drug delivery systems (CDDSs) have been at the forefront over conventional drug delivery systems. Over the past several years, scientists have placed boundless energy and time into exploiting a wide variety of excipients, particularly diverse polymers, both natural and synthetic. More recently, the development of nano polymer blends has achieved noteworthy attention due to their amazing properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and more importantly, their pivotal role in controlled and sustained drug release in vitro and in vivo. These compounds come with a number of effective benefits for improving problems of targeted or controlled drug and gene delivery systems; thus, they have been extensively used in medical and pharmaceutical applications. Additionally, they are quite attractive for wound dressings, textiles, tissue engineering, and biomedical prostheses. In this sense, some important and workable natural polymers (namely, chitosan (CS), starch and cellulose) and some applicable synthetic ones (such as poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly-glycolic acid (PGA)) have played an indispensable role over the last two decades for their therapeutic effects owing to their appealing and renewable biological properties. According to our data, this is the first review article highlighting CDDSs composed of diverse natural and synthetic nano biopolymers, blended for biological purposes, mostly over the past five years; other reviews have just briefly mentioned the use of such blended polymers. We, additionally, try to make comparisons between various nano blending systems in terms of improved sustained and controlled drug release behavior.

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“…These prolonged release systems of agrochemicals should significantly improve the quality of intensively cultivated agricultural areas, especially the population of groundwater microorganisms. Furthermore, these systems have an economical benefit related to the reduction in the amount of herbicide usage and number of treatments in a plant growth season [46][47][48].…”

Section: Microtox Assay Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

PLAGA-PEG-PLAGA Terpolymer-Based Carriers of Herbicides for Potential Application in Environment-Friendly, Controlled Release Systems of Agrochemicals

2020

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The present study aimed to develop and prepare new polymer/herbicide formulations for their potential application in environment-friendly, controlled release systems of agrochemicals. Selected biodegradable polymers, including L-Lactide/Glycolide/PEG/Terpolymer (PLAGA-PEG-PLAGA) as well as oligosaccharide-based polymers and their blend with terpolymer, were used to prepare microspheres loaded with two soil-applied herbicides. The degradation process of the obtained polymeric microspheres was evaluated based on (1) their weight loss and surface erosion and (2) the release rate of loaded metazachlor and pendimethalin. The herbicidal effectiveness of the herbicides released to the soil from microspheres was evaluated using the European Weed Research Council (EWRC) rating scale. Moreover, the ecotoxicological effect of herbicide-loaded microspheres buried in soil on the marine bacterial species A. fischeri was assessed. It was found that the gradual degradation rate of microparticles led to the prolonged release of both herbicides that lasted for a few months, i.e., for the entire crop season, which is crucial in terms of agrochemical and environmental protection. Maltodextrin- and dextrin-based microspheres showed higher susceptibility to degradation than terpolymer-based microspheres. The microencapsulation of herbicides protected them from decomposition and excessive leaching into soil and maintained their activity for a longer period than that for non-immobilized herbicides. The ecotoxicological assessment on A. fischeri demonstrated that the proposed microsphere-encapsulated herbicides were less toxic than non-immobilized herbicides.

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Environmental usefulness of PLA/PEG blends for controlled‐release systems of soil‐applied herbicides

Cited by 15 publications

References 62 publications

Degradability of Polyurethanes and Their Blends with Polylactide, Chitosan and Starch

Degradability of Polyurethanes and Their Blends with Polylactide, Chitosan and Starch

<p>Burgeoning Polymer Nano Blends for Improved Controlled Drug Release: A Review</p>

PLAGA-PEG-PLAGA Terpolymer-Based Carriers of Herbicides for Potential Application in Environment-Friendly, Controlled Release Systems of Agrochemicals

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