Enzymatic Evaluation of Processes for Improving Agricultural Wastes for Ruminant Feeds

Guggolz, Jack; Saunders, R. M.; Kohler, G. O.; Klopfenstein, Terry J.

doi:10.2527/jas1971.331167x

Cited by 48 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…P^^T ( A°\U *? lignin with structural polysaccharides (Tomlin, Add.t.on of cellulolytic enzymes to forage Johnson and Dehorit y ; 1965; Guggolz, Kohler «ops at the time of ensiling under the and Klopfenstein and Saunders, 1971). lignin with structural polysaccharides (Tomlin, Add.t.on of cellulolytic enzymes to forage Johnson and Dehorit y ; 1965; Guggolz, Kohler «ops at the time of ensiling under the and Klopfenstein and Saunders, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen degradation of straw 6. Effect of polysaccharidase enzymes on degradation characteristics of ensiled rice straw

Nakashima¹,

Ørskov²,

Hotten³

et al. 1988

Anim. Sci.

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The effects of three variables; polysaccharidase inclusion level (0, 5 and 10 g/kg), moisture content (500, 600 and 700 g/kg dry matter (DM), and particle size (20, 5 and 2 mm), on the quality and degradation characteristics of ensiled rice straw were investigated. The polysaccharidase product used was shown to contain a broad spectrum of activities against polysaccharides typical of plant material. The major activities present being: mixed link glucanase, xylanase and both endo- and exo-cellulase. The straw treated with polysaccharidase had a lower final pH (5·21, 4·87, 4·82; P < 0·01), higher concentrations of lactic acid (1·98, 3·90, 3·67 g/kg; P < 0·01), a lower content of neutral-detergent fibre (689, 630, 621 g/kg DM; P < 0·01) and a higher solubility, measured as washing losses from nylon bags (152, 196, 212 g/kg DM; P < 0·01) for the 0, 5 and 10 g/kg polysaccharidase treatments respectively. The samples were subsequently incubated in nylon bags in the rumen of three sheep for 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h to estimate degradation rate and potential degradability using the expression p = a + b (1 – e−ct) where p is degradability at time t and a, b and c are constants. While there was no effect of moisture content or physical form of the straw, the degradation rate constant (c) was increased (P < 0·01) by the addition of polysaccharidase. The maximum potential degradability (a + b), however, was not altered by any of the treatments. The values for c were 0·0498, 0·0677 and 0·0817 per h and for (a + b) were 62·4, 62·1 and 62·8 g/100 g DM for the 0, 5 and 10 g/kg polysaccharidase enzyme additions respectively. It is concluded that the use of polysaccharidase enzymes can assist in the preservation of wet straw and can result in improved degradation characteristics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen degradation of straw 6. Effect of polysaccharidase enzymes on degradation characteristics of ensiled rice straw

Nakashima¹,

Ørskov²,

Hotten³

et al. 1988

Anim. Sci.

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“…Simulated digestibility by ruminants was determined by the total solubles after enzyme (TSAE) treatment of Guggolz et al (1971) using Onozuka cellulase SS (Yakult Biochemicals Co., Nishinomiya City, Japan) and the protease Pronase (Cal Biochem., La Jolla, Calif.). An additional digestion of each sample was performed without cellulase, but with buffer and Pronase to determine the amount of material solubilized by noncellulase components.…”

Section: Enzymic Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Value of mesquite leaves as forage

1988

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The nutritive value of six species or cultivars of mesquite (Prosopis) was investigated: viz P alba, P articulata, P chilensis, P nigra, P velutina and cv 'Ruby'. Chemical analyses indicated that all of these are suitable sources of forage. However, in vitro digestibilities are negatively correlated with the content of phenolic compounds. Species with high concentrations of phenolics (P alba and P chilensis) are significantly less digestible than other species with lower phenolic content. Toxicity of the phenolic components of P chilensis leaves was observed in feeding studies with weanling mice.

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“…Rice hulls are low in digestibility and nutritive value and have sometimes caused harmful effects. This characteristic may be related to the mineral nature of the rice hulls rather than the massive encrusting silica sheath and the lignin that exist in the rice hulls Guggolz et al 1971). If the integrity of the silica shield and the lignin existing in the hulls were the barrier to microbial attack on the sequestered organic matrix, it would be reasonable to expect that prior grinding of rice hulls to expose the organic matrix would enhance the efficiency of the microbial attack.…”

Section: Animal and Poultry Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guggolz et al (1971), using an enzymatic digestion test, showed that when rice hulls are treated with 28 kg/cm 2 of steam, there is an increase in DMD (dry-matter digestibles) to 22% and that 28 kg/cm 2 of steam combined with alkali raises the DMD to 38%. Hsu et al (1976) used the enzymatic digestion test to determine the in vitro digestibility of alkalitreated rice hulls.…”

Section: Chemical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Hulls

Luh

1991

Rice

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According to the statistics supplied by the IRRI (1988), the world's paddy rice (Oryza sativa) production in 1987 was 470 million MT. Most of this tonnage is produced in Southeast Asia. A major derivative of the rice crop is the hull, a fibrous, nondigestible commodity representing some 20% of the dried paddy on-stalk (Yoshida 1981). Dried paddy on-stalk yields 52 wt% of white rice, 20% hull, 15% stalk, and 10% bran. The remaining 3% is lost in the conversion process. If all the paddy rice available were commercially milled, 98 million MT of hulls would have been produced in 1987. Because of their abrasive character, poor nutritive value, low bulk density, and high ash content, only a small percentage of the hulls can be disposed of for certain low-value applications such as chicken litter, juice-pressing aids, and animal roughage. If not properly utilized, rice hulls will create a growing problem of space and pollution in the environment. In some countries, rice hulls and straw are used as fuel in parboiling paddy rice. It is likely that hull utilization will increase in light of the high cost of fuel and the energy crisis confronting the world population.The chemistry and technology of rice hulls have been reviewed (Houston

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Enzymatic Evaluation of Processes for Improving Agricultural Wastes for Ruminant Feeds

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Rumen degradation of straw 6. Effect of polysaccharidase enzymes on degradation characteristics of ensiled rice straw

Rumen degradation of straw 6. Effect of polysaccharidase enzymes on degradation characteristics of ensiled rice straw

Value of mesquite leaves as forage

Rice Hulls

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