Enzymatische Herstellung von festen Fettsäuremonoglyceriden

Abstract

Es wurden Reaktionssysteme Lipase-katalysierter Synthesen von Monoglyceriden aus festen Fettshren und Glycerin untersucht, um geeignete Bedingungen fiir einen einfachen technischen ProzeB zu finden. Lipasen von Penicillium Eytropium und Rhi@us sf. wurden fiir die Untersuchungen ausgewiihlt und ihre Selektivitiit der Monoglycerid-Bildung bis zu hohen Fettsaureumsmen untersucht. Mit Penicillium-Lipase gelingt eine hochselektive Monoglyceridsynthese, die allerdings eng mit den Reaktionsbedingungen verkntipft ist. Durch Wahl der Temperatur, der Lipase und des Wassergehaltes im Reaktionssystem kann die Produktbildung entweder in Richtung Monoglycerid-oder Diglycerid-Bildung gesenkt werden. Mit Hilfe der Rhiropa-Lipase werden bei 40 "C fast ausschlieBlich Diglyceride gebildet. Wird unter denselben Bedingungen die Reaktion bei 2OoC durchgefiihrt, liegen im Reaktionsgemisch ubenviegend Monoglyceride vor. PeniciUium-Lipase produziert bei 20Ound 40°C Monoglyceride, wenn der Wassergehalt des verwendeten Glycerins kleiner ds 10% ist. Wud in einem System mit Fat Sci. Technol. 92. Jahrgang Nr. 10 1990

Control of lipase-mediated glycerolysis reactions with butter oil in dual liquid phase media devoid of organic solvent

“…Reaction mixtures containing either enzyme preparation initially incubated at 50 ®C yielded 25 % MAG after 24 h, and after a decrease in temperature to 40 ®C and subsequent 24-h incubation, the resultant yield of MAG increased to about 50% (data not shown). Others have noted a similar dependence of percent yield MAG on temperature in reaction mixtures void of solvent (McNeill et al, 1990(McNeill et al, , 1992Weiss, 1990). Recent work indicates that progressive solidification of some of the newly formed MAG may effectively direct the reaction toward the formation of MAG (McNeill et al, 1992).…”

“…The slight difference in optimum water contents between the enzymes is probably because the lipase AK preparation had a greater initial moisture content (6.5%) than did the PS-30 preparation (2.4%). Other lipase-mediated processes designed for MAG production have optimal water contents in the range of 0.5% for reverse micelles (Holmberg et al, 1989) and 2-4% (McNeill et al, 1990 to <10% (Weiss, 1990) in solvent-free media.…”

“…Lipases (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) have been studied for the purpose of producing monoacylglycerols (MAG) and diacylglycerols (DAG) from different fats and oils via hydrolysis (Holmberg and Osterberg, 1988), esterification (Tsujisaka et al, 1977; Ergan et al, 1990; Akoh et al, 1992), and acyl-transfer or alcoholysis reactions (Schuch and Mukherjee, 1989; Holmberg et al, 1989;McNeill et al, 1990). Reaction mixtures have been configured as reverse micelles with anhydrous solvents as the continuous phase (Holmberg et al, 1989), with enzyme suspended in organic solvents (Pecnik and Knez, 1992; Akoh et al, 1992), or with enzyme simply suspended in substrate without added solvent (Tsujisaka et al, 1977; Schuch and Mukherjee, 1989;McNeill et al, 1990McNeill et al, , 1992Weiss, 1990;Ergan et al, 1990;. Reaction parameters have been studied for each configuration in attempts to optimize MAG production.…”

Surfactants

“…The enzymatically catalyzed synthesis of glycerides has not yet become industrially important [112].…”

Fatty acid vinyl esters as acylating agents: A new method for the enzymatic synthesis of monoacylglycerols

“…Beside selective hydrolysis with 1,3-regiospecific lipases (4) and esterification of free fatty acid with glycerol (5,6), high yields of MAG were obtained in glycerolysis reactions of triacylglycerols (TAG) (2,3). As reactions systems, reverse micelles, microemulsions, waterorganic biphasic systems, organic solvents and the solid state have been investigated (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). The products were often mixtures of MAG with different fatty acid residues, and also small amounts of 2-MAG have been formed.…”