Enzyme-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Oleosomes from Soybeans (Glycine max)

Abstract

Oleosomes, with their unique structural proteins, the oleosins, are known to be useful in cosmetics and other emulsion applications. A procedure to fractionate intact oleosomes to produce soybean oil without the use of organic solvents was investigated. Process parameters, enzyme treatment, filtration, cell lysis, and centrifugation, were studied. Successive extractions of the residue, eliminating the filtration step, pressurization, or ultrasonication of soybean flour prior to enzyme treatment and enzyme treatment on the residue, were the key steps. A mixture of Multifect Pectinase FE, Cellulase A, and Multifect CX 13L in equal proportion gave 36.42-63.23% of the total soybean oil from oleosomes, respectively, for 45 and 180 s of blending time, compared to the conventional method with lower yields (34.24 and 28.65%, respectively, for 45 and 180 s of blending time). Three successive extractions of the residue increased the oil yield to a maximum of 84.65% of the total soybean oil recovered in intact oleosomes. The percentage of lipid in the supernatant fraction decreased to a minimum value of 0.33% with the use of the enzymes at a 3% dosage. The results are considered to be useful for developing large-scale and efficient extraction of oleosomes from soybean.

Recycling of Aqueous Supernatants in Soybean Oleosome Isolation

“…The recoveries in the oleosome fraction were 81.64 ± 1.16% oil, 35.92 ± 0.52% protein, 17.82 ± 0.16% ash, and 19.84 ± 0.38% carbohydrate of total soybean oil, protein, ash, and carbohydrate, respectively. There was no significant difference compared to the oil extraction yield (84.65 ± 1.46%) reported in our earlier report [6]. The supernatant fraction contains mainly protein, mineral and carbohydrate.…”

“…An equal proportion of Multifect Ò Pectinase FE, Multifect Ò GC, and Multifect Ò CX B equaling 3% (v/w) total enzymes was added immediately and the homogenate was incubated for 16 h at 57°C in a 20-L process reactor (model CG-1965-620; ChemGlass Inc., Vineland, NJ, USA), at 150 rpm. The homogenate was then blended for 3 min with a Waring blender, and centrifuged as described previously [6]. Three fractions were obtained: oleosomes; residue; and an aqueous supernatant, which was reused in the second and third protocols.…”

“…The search for more efficient means of extracting oleosomes of both higher quality and yield has led to the development of variety of protocols [1][2][3][4][5][6]. However, the fundamentals of oleosomes extraction remain the same.…”

“…A recent study [6] suggested that increasing the yield of oil recovery in oleosomes is feasible with the use of enzymes combined with the mechanical disruption of cell walls. This procedure resulting in high yield of oleosomes from soybeans has been demonstrated on a pilot plant scale, using a continuous flow operation three-phase decanter and could lead the process to be used industrially.…”

Oleosomas de semillas de <em>Jatropha curcas</em> L. como estimadores de diversidad en poblaciones del Sur de México

“…Los oleosomas en las semillas son en su mayoría de 0.2 a 2.0 μm de diámetro (Taiz y Zeiger, 2006;Kapchie et al, 2008), aunque el tamaño puede variar entre las especies, por ejemplo, en semillas de soya miden entre 0.2 y 0.5 μm de diámetro y en Cuphea glutinosa oscila entre 1.6 y 3.5 μm de diá-metro (Cardinali et al, 2010). Existen estudios que demuestran que los oleosomas son similares en semillas de canola y maíz (Millichip et al, 1996).…”