Epidemiological and Hemato-biochemical urinary profile of diabetic patients received in consultation at anastasis health center in Nongo (Conakry), Republic of Guinea

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from a defect in insulin secretion or insulin action or both associated abnormalities. Objective: Our study aims to contribute in improving of health care of diabetic patients in the Municipality of Ratoma, Conakry, and Republic of Guinea. Methods: This study is a prospective and descriptive cross-sectional study lasting of 4 months, from February 16 to June 16, 2021. Results: The study involved 300 patients whose blood and urine were examined, 17% of the patients were positive, therefore diabetic. Glycosuria was positive on an empty stomach in 87%. Abnormal parameters were found as followed: Urobilinogen with 97%, Blood with 97%, Optical Density with 90%, Nitrite with 84%, pH with 83%, Ketone Bodies with 76%, Bilirubin with 73%, presence of Proteins in 75%, and Leukocytes in 71%. The evolution of diabetes in 20 patients with the HbA1c test, i.e. 32% and the majority of the 20 diabetic patients had HbA1c levels between 4 to 5.60% with 7 patients, i.e. 35% followed by those with rate between < 4% and 6.80% to 7.20% with 5 patients each, i.e. 25% (cumulative 50% of patients); 3 diabetic patients whose hemoglobin were severely affected by glucose had high HbA1c levels between 8.80 and 9.60%, i.e. 10%, and 1 patient with an HbA1c level of 11.40%, i.e. 5%. THBs were low in 20 patients, about 32%. This study found respectively: hyperleukocytosis (10%), hyperneutrophilia (10%), hypermonocytosis (16%), hyperlymphocytosis (13%) among the diabetic patients and alongside, 32 diabetic patients suffered from hypoleukocytosis (19%), hyponeutrophilia (8%), hypolymphocytosis (8%) and 35% from hypomonocytosis. Frustrated anemia were found in 75%, moderate anemia in 20% and severe anemia in 5%, while 25% of diabetic patients suffered from Microcytic anemia and 75% from Normocytic anemia and 15% of diabetic patients suffered also from Hypochromic anemia and 85% of diabetic patients suffered from Normochromic anemia. Female sex was the most represented with 59% against 41% for male sex. All age groups were affected by diabetes, however, age group of 61 to 80 years were the most affected with a prevalence of 38% followed by those of 41 to 60 years and 21 to 40 with respectively 35% and 22%. The least represented age group were less than or equal to 20 years old with 5%. Housewives with 35% were the most affected followed by Commercial Agents, Pupils/Students and Administrative Agents with 22%, 10% and 8% respectively. The Married were the most with a prevalence of 83% against 14% among Singles and only 3% among Widowed. The majority of patients were from the commune of Ratoma, i.e. a prevalence of 81% followed by those from Matoto with 9%. Patients from elsewhere accounted for only 5%. Conclusion: This study revealed that in diabetic patients

Epidemiological and Hemato-Biochemical Profiles of Diabetic Patients at the Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases Department of the Alpha Oumar Diallo Regional Hospital, Kindia (Republic of Guinea)

“…Our research at the Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases Department of Alpha Oumar Diallo Regional Hospital in Kindia (Republic of Guinea) showed that out of 220 patients, 150 (68%) exhibited unbalanced glucose levels ranging from 1.30 to 2 g/l, with an additional 22 patients (10%) showing very unbalanced levels (>2 g/l), while 48 patients (22%) maintained balanced levels (0.80 -1.26 g/l) (Figure 1). These figures compare to a 2021 study by Camara C., et al ( 2022) [3] at the ANASTASIS Health Center in Nongo, Conakry, which found very unbalanced glucose levels in 11.33% of patients, unbalanced levels in 9.33%, and only 0.33% with balanced glucose levels among 300 examined. Although our findings align with their results for unbalanced and very unbalanced glucose levels, there is a marked disparity in the proportion of patients with balanced levels-22% in our study versus only 0.33% in theirs.…”

“…Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for over 90% of all cases, and is the fifth leading cause of death among people aged 50 to 74 [1]. This type of diabetes is part of a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both [3]. This leads to a number of severe complications, thereby reducing the quality of life and functional abilities of patients [4].…”

“…The health consequences of diabetes can be significant, as it is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (heart attacks, heart failure, arteritis, stroke), neuropathy, and microangiopathic disorders that can lead to blindness (retinopathy) and chronic kidney failure (nephropathy). It has also been clearly defined as a major predisposing risk factor for periodontal disease (serious infections that damage the gums and can destroy the jawbone) [3]. According to estimates, the burden of diabetes and the resulting economic costs will continue to rise until 2030, even if the targets of the sustainable development goals and the global action plan of the World Health Organization are met [5].…”

“…However, there are effective strategies to prevent cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes. For example, evidence shows that lifestyle changes can effectively improve cardiovascular risk and prevent cardiovascular events [3]- [16]. Additionally, recent trials have demonstrated that the use of new antidiabetic drugs can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes at high risk of cardiovascular disease [17] [18] [19].…”