Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Rabies at Infectious Disease Hospital, Dhaka

Haque, Shahidul; Yeasmin, Tahmina; Islam, Mohammed Sirajul

doi:10.3329/bjch.v35i3.10521

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This also suggests a higher number (84.92%) of the dependent came from poor sections of the community. Some other studies reported that males constituted 67.1% in rabies deaths, of which 89.4% occurrence among the rural people in Bangladesh [19]; also rural incidence reported 71.1% in India [16] and 62% in Bhutan [17]. In our study, we found dogs were mainly (81.64%) responsible for rabies and the majority (93%) of them were stray.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Epidemiological study of human rabies cases in Bangladesh through verbal autopsy

Rana

Siddiqi

Ghosh

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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Identification of risk factors is crucial to find ways to reduce rabies deaths. We investigated the hospital records of rabies deceased through contact tracing of the relatives of the victims using enhanced verbal autopsies (VA) to identify why the people had to die from rabies in recent years in Bangladesh. Patients whose deaths were confirmed by physicians based on the history of animal exposure and clinical signs were taken into account for VA. Socio-demographic profile of the deceased, animal exposure, nature of the wound, and history of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) data were obtained and analysed. The study found 256 cases in which the cause of death was attributed to rabies, most of the victims were male (71.88%), resided in the rural community (80.47%), dependent (49.22%), and children below the age of 15 years (47.27%). Dogs were the single most responsible (81.64%); however, cats (12.11%), jackals (3.91%) and mongoose (2.34%) were also found accountable for rabies incidence (P < 0.05). Significantly, limbs were the most common (67.97%) site of exposure, and the shortest incubation period was identified in the case of bites to head and face (P < 0.05). The majority (86.72%) of the deceased did not receive any PEP; whereas, 66.80% sought treatment from traditional healers. Among the deceased (13.28%, n ¼ 34) who had received PEP, only 8.82% of them completed the full course of the vaccination regimen (P < 0.01); however, none of them had history of taking rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). The study recommends extensive public health awareness programs in the rural community and establishing methods to improve healthcare-seeking behaviours, including receiving PEP instead of visiting traditional healers. Moreover, the availability and accessibility of PEP in the government hospital facilities are desirable, and laboratory-based surveillance with compatible rapid data reporting may be incorporated in the existing policy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Epidemiological study of human rabies cases in Bangladesh through verbal autopsy

Rana

Siddiqi

Ghosh

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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“…Poverty, ignorance and faith in indigenous medicines are more common in rural people that's why cases belonged to the rural areas contributed to the main bulk of the cases in this study. 15 It was evident from our study that most of human rabies cases were victims of dog bite. This result corroborated with the findings of previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…This finding was an agreement with the findings of study conducted in Bangladesh which showed that 4.1% rabies cases died in hospital, where as 96.8% left against medical advice. 15…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of human rabies cases admitted in infectious disease hospital KGMU, Lucknow, North India

Mohammad

Gupta

2018

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Rabies is only communicable disease of man that is always fatal but easily preventable disease, if animal bites are appropriately and timely managed. It is estimated that India continues to report every year 25,000 to 30,000 human rabies deaths. The objective of this study was to describe the clinic epidemiological characteristics of human rabies.Methods: Analysis of the records of probable rabies cases admitted into the Infectious Diseases Hospital, KGMU, Lucknow during 2010-2014.Results: Total 490 human rabies cases were admitted during study period. Majority (63.26%) of the victims were between 12-60 years of age. Males constituted 83.47% of cases and victims from rural areas were 92.65%. Principal biting animal was dog (94.29%). Majority of the cases (77.96%) were not vaccinated. Most of the cases (93.47%) left against medical advice within 24 hours after admission.Conclusions: Rabies is a major health problem in this part of India. The data indicates that there is still much to do for mitigation of this menace and the crux of the problem is the epidemiological trend has not changed much. Hence, there is an immediate and urgent need to educate the community and health workers about the importance of immediate and adequate post-exposure treatment. Prevention strategies are critical to better manage rabies in these endemic areas.

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“…10 Data kasus GHPR selama 2 tahun memperlihatkan bahwa 25 dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia melaporkan adanya kasus GHPR dengan angka kematian yang hampir sama dibandingkan tahun 2014 dan 2015 serta negara Asia lain seperti Filipina dan Bangladesh. [11][12][13] Data yang dikumpulkan kurang lengkap untuk menilai adanya hubungan antara lokasi gigitan dengan masa inkubasi. Pada kasus GHPR yang fatal sebagian besar mengalami masa inkubasi 1-2 bulan dan lokasi gigitan terbanyak di kaki.…”

Section: Hasilunclassified

“…Penelitian yang dilakukan di Filipina dan Bangladesh juga menunjukkan bahwa lokasi gigitan di wajah, kepala dan leher memperpendek masa inkubasi. 12,13 Rabies pada manusia sangat berbahaya karena adanya periode asimptomatik saat inokulasi dan masa inkubasi. Umumnya periode inkubasi berkisar 1 sampai 3 bulan, dengan jarak antara 4 hari sampai 19 tahun.…”

Section: Hasilunclassified

Karakteristik Kasus Fatal Akibat Gigitan Hewan Penular Rabies di Indonesia 2016 – 2017

Setiawaty

Septiawati²,

Burni³

2019

mpk

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Rabies is a zoonotic disease that is transmitted to humans by bites or scratches or licks (on damaged skin or mucous membranes) from infected animals, most often dogs. Rabies is endemic in several regions in Indonesia. If untreated, bites of rabies will cause fatal. The aim of this analysis is to explore the characteristics of fatal human cases caused by the bites of rabies transmitting animal in Indonesia in 2016–2017. The collection of human case data with bites of rabies transmitting animals (GHPR) from all provinces of Indonesia in 2016 and 2017 by the zoonotic Subdirectorate, Directorate Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Tular Vektor dan Zoonosis (P2PTVZ), Directorat General of Disease Prevention and Control. We analyzed tha characteristics of the provincial which was reported GHPR cases, incubation period, bite location, clinical symptoms, history of vaccination and the demography of fatal GHPR cases. The clinical case definition for GHPR based on the World Health Organization. The results show that GHPR cases were reported from 25 out of 34 provinces. The most frequently reported incubation period is 1-2 month (40.7%). The location of most bites on the legs (37.3%). Most clinical symptoms reported were hydrophobia (76.6%), followed by hypersalivation (64.5%), convulsion (35.5%), photophobia and hyperhidrosis respectively (31.2%). Fever is not the main symptom, only 19.9%. Most fatal GHPR cases do not receive appropriate vaccination post-exposure (VAR). Male as fatal GHPR cases are more often than women with ratio 1.8 to 1 and adult cases more than children. Inconclusions immediate treatment with complete post-exposure vaccination has not been well implemented in reported fatal GHPR cases. Abstrak Rabies merupakan salah satu penyakit zoonosis yang ditularkan ke manusia melalui gigitan atau goresan atau jilatan (pada kulit yang rusak atau selaput lendir) dari hewan yang terinfeksi, paling sering anjing. Rabies endemis di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Jika tidak ditangani, gigitan hewan rabies dapat menyebabkan kematian. Tujuan dari penulisan ini untuk memberi informasi karakteristik kasus manusia yang fatal akibat gigitan hewan penular rabies (GHPR) di Indonesia selama kurun waktu 2016- 2017. Pengumpulan data kasus manusia dengan gigitan hewan penular rabies dari seluruh provinsi Indonesia pada tahun 2016 dan 2017 dilakukan oleh Subdirektorat Zoonosis, Direktorat Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Tular Vektor dan Zoonosis (P2PTVZ), Direktorat Jenderal Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit (P2P). Analisis karakteristik kasus GHPR fatal meliputi aspek provinsi yang melaporkan kasus GHPR, masa inkubasi, lokasi gigitan, gejala klinis, riwayat pemberian vaksinasi dari kasus fatal dan demografi. Definisi kasus GHPR secara klinis berdasarkan Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kasus GHPR dilaporkan di 25 dari 34 provinsi. Masa inkubasi yang paling sering dilaporkan yaitu 1-2 bulan (40,7%). Lokasi gigitan terbanyak pada kaki (37,3%). Gejala klinis terbanyak yang dilaporkan hidrofobia (76,6%), diikuti dengan hipersalivasi (64,5%), kejang (35,5%), fotofobia dan hiperhidrosis masing-masing (31,2%). Demam bukan gejala utama, hanya 19,9%. Sebagian besar kasus GHPR fatal tidak mendapatkan vaksinasi pascapajanan (VAR) yang sesuai. Kasus GHPR fatal pada laki-laki lebih banyak daripada perempuan dengan perbandingan 1,8 : 1 dan jumlah orang dewasa lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan anak-anak. Disimpulkan bahwa pengobatan segera dengan pemberian vaksinasi pascapajanan secara lengkap belum dilaksanakan dengan baik pada kasus-kasus GHPR fatal yang dilaporkan.

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Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Rabies at Infectious Disease Hospital, Dhaka

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Epidemiological study of human rabies cases in Bangladesh through verbal autopsy

Epidemiological study of human rabies cases in Bangladesh through verbal autopsy

A study of human rabies cases admitted in infectious disease hospital KGMU, Lucknow, North India

Karakteristik Kasus Fatal Akibat Gigitan Hewan Penular Rabies di Indonesia 2016 – 2017

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