Epidemiological dynamics of nephropathia epidemica in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, during the period of 1997–2013

Abstract

This report summarizes epidemiological data on nephropathia epidemica (NE) in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. NE cases identified in the period 1997-2013 were investigated in parallel with the hantavirus antigen prevalence in small rodents in the study area. A total of 13 930 NE cases were documented in all but one district of Tatarstan, with most cases located in the central and southeastern districts. The NE annual incidence rate exhibited a cyclical pattern, with the highest numbers of cases being registered once in every 3-5 years. The numbers of NE cases rose gradually from July to November, with the highest morbidity in adult males. The highest annual disease incidence rate, 64·4 cases/100 000 population, was observed in 1997, with a total of 2431 NE cases registered. NE cases were mostly associated with visiting forests and agricultural activities. The analysis revealed that the bank vole Myodes glareolus not only comprises the majority of the small rodent communities in the region, but also consistently displays the highest hantavirus prevalence compared to other small rodent species.

High Triglycerides Are Associated with Low Thrombocyte Counts and High VEGF in Nephropathia Epidemica

“…NE is endemic in the Republic of Tatarstan where the highest annual prevalence of 64.4 cases per 100,000 was registered in 1997 [5]. Clinically, NE is characterized by an acute onset of high fever, headache, and abdominal pain.…”

Cytokine Storm Combined with Humoral Immune Response Defect in Fatal Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Case, Tatarstan, Russia

“…CD4+, CD8+ and CD20+ lymphocyte infiltration was detected in kidney tissue (Figure 5D, E and F). Also, clusterin expression (which has been previously associated with HFRS) [1,18] was demonstrated at the basal side of the tubular epithelial cells (Figure 5G). Immunofluorescent analysis revealed that infiltrating leukocytes were CD4+, CD8+ and CD20+, suggesting that lymphocytes (T-helpers, cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and B cells) are primarily migrating across the endothelium.…”

“…Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an acute zoonotic disease endemic in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia [1]. Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) is commonly isolated from human HFRS blood and tissue samples as well as bank voles captured in the region [2].…”

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“…The most active fractions of highly purified antigens were used to immunize clinically healthy sheep by sequential 4-fold administration of inactivated antigen at intervals of 14 days in a mixture with Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (Thermo Fisher Scientific) intramuscularly into the medial thigh area in a volume of 16 cm 3 . The blood sampling was made from the vascular vein when the serum titers reached 1:6400-1:12800 in ELISA.…”

“…[2] Domestic and wild animals participate in the spread of rabies, as well as other zoonotic infections. [3,4] As a lethal anthropozoonotic infection, rabies causes significant economic damage, resulting from the costs of specific prevention among wild and farm animals [5] and diagnostic tests. Therefore, to increase the effectiveness of antiepizootic measures, it is necessary not only to conduct extensive monitoring studies [6] but also to improve methods for diagnosing rabies, [7,8] in particular, ELISA-based test systems using highly purified specific components -antigens and globulins.…”