This report summarizes epidemiological data on nephropathia epidemica (NE) in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. NE cases identified in the period 1997-2013 were investigated in parallel with the hantavirus antigen prevalence in small rodents in the study area. A total of 13 930 NE cases were documented in all but one district of Tatarstan, with most cases located in the central and southeastern districts. The NE annual incidence rate exhibited a cyclical pattern, with the highest numbers of cases being registered once in every 3-5 years. The numbers of NE cases rose gradually from July to November, with the highest morbidity in adult males. The highest annual disease incidence rate, 64·4 cases/100 000 population, was observed in 1997, with a total of 2431 NE cases registered. NE cases were mostly associated with visiting forests and agricultural activities. The analysis revealed that the bank vole Myodes glareolus not only comprises the majority of the small rodent communities in the region, but also consistently displays the highest hantavirus prevalence compared to other small rodent species.

Aim. The aim of this literature review is to generalize existing approaches to the pathogenetic treatment of gastritis as a basis for the prevention of gastric cancer, as well as to submit a resolution of a scientific symposium that brought together gastroenterologists from a number of CIS countries.Background.  H. pylori infection is widespread in CIS countries. The proportion of infected adults in the population ranges from 60 % to over 90 %. This causes a high incidence of chronic gastritis and other diseases associated with H. pylori. In 2012, gastric cancer was recognized as the 3rd leading malignant disease in the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Uzbekistan, 5th — in Belarus and Kazakhstan, 6th — in Armenia and the Russian Federation. According to the standardized cancer mortality rate, gastric cancer takes the 1st place in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, 2nd — in Belarus, 3rd — in Kazakhstan, and 4th — in Armenia and Russia. In every case of H. pylori detection, it is important to make a decision about the expediency of eradication therapy. This is particularly significant, since H. pylori eradication has been recognized as an effective method of gastric cancer prevention. In addition, H. pylori eradication therapy in patients suffering from chronic gastritis with dyspepsia symptoms serves as the firstchoice therapy that allows patients with dyspepsia resulting from H. pylori infection to be excluded. The choice of the H. pylori eradication therapy scheme is determined by the protocols (standards) of patient management accepted in the respective CIS country. A high efficacy of H. pylori infection eradication is shown to be provided by bismuthcontaining schemes.Conclusion.  Opportunistic screening of H. pylori is carried out by general practitioners, district physicians, gastroenterologists and other specialists. The most effective method of gastric cancer prevention is the eradication therapy of H. pylori infection in chronic gastritis. The maximal positive potential of such a therapy is realized when it is performed before the atrophic changes of the gastric mucosa have appeared.

The results of study of 31 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were presented. The investigation showed that fractional intestinal sorption dialysis with lignin and basis therapy of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis reduced dyspepsia and pain syndrome. Enterosorption resulted in normalization biochemical indices of blood serum and improved quality of life.

Республиканский специализированный научно-практический медицинский центр терапии и медицинской реабилитации, Ташкент, Узбекистан Цель-определить степень инфицированности населения Helicobacter pylori, частоту выявления патогенных Cag+-штаммов и уровень антибиотикорезистентности в Узбекистане. Материал и методы. Проведены клинические, биохимические, иммунологические, генетические и инструментальные исследования. Для диагностики Н. pylori использовали CLO-тест в биоптатах и 13 С-уреазный дыхательный тест. Молекулярно-генетическими методами определены СagA-и VacA-статус, резистентность к кларитромицину (выявление точечных мутаций A2142G/C, A2143G в V-функциональном домене 23S рРНК-гена). Оценивали эффективность семидневной тройной терапии и 14-дневной тройной терапии, усиленной висмута трикалия дицитратом (ВТД). Результаты. Установлено, что Узбекистан отностися к регионам с высокой степенью инфицированности населения Н. pylori (80%). 84% населения Узбекистана имеют смешанный IceA1-/IceA2-генотип СagA. При язвенной болезни превалирует патогенный штамм СagA+ VacA s1, VacA m2 и IceA 1,2, при хроническим гастрите (тип В), ассоциированном с Н. pylori,-штамм Сag+ VacA s1, VacA m2 и IceA 1. Уровень резистентности штаммов Н. pylori к кларитромицину достигает 13,3%. Пролонгирование эрадикационной терапии до 14 дней и добавление к ней ВТД позволяет повысить эффективность эрадикации Н. pylori до 95%.

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