Epidemiology and correlation of the clinicopathological features in oral epithelial dysplasia: analysis of 173 cases

Abstract

Oral epithelial dysplasias (OEDs) are potentially malignant disorders characterized by diverse degrees of cellular atypia. The early and careful diagnosis has extreme importance, allowing prevention of the progression to the oral squamous cell carcinoma. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology and then correlate it with the clinicopathological features of OED. One hundred seventy-three cases of oral lesions retrieved from the files of a Service of Pathological Anatomy, covering a 38-year period, were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis through the Pearson χ 2 test. The majority of cases were from affected females (57.9%), with a peak of occurrence in the age group of 41 and 55 years (37.3%), white patients (64.8%), and those with lesions located on the gingiva/alveolar ridge (25.1%). The lesions predominantly presented with white color (56.8%) and were described as nodules (27.4%), with a rough surface (76.7%), an exophytic growth (79.1%), and a sessile base (95.6%). The majority of the lesions with degree of mild (34.6%) and moderate (34.9%) OED had clinical diagnosis of leukoplakia, whereas 33.3% of the lesions with degree of severe had clinical diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (P b .05). Tobacco use was the risk habit more related with OED (42.6%) (P N .05). The knowledge of OED epidemiology and clinical features provide a better understanding of the factors that possibly are associated with the malignant transformation of OED. Furthermore, these results contribute to supporting a prompt and accurate recognition of these lesions in clinical practice.

Lesões maxilofaciais: um levantamento de 762 casos da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Brasil

“…14 e pela maior exposição aos fatores de risco. A gengiva e o lábio inferior são citados como os locais mais acometidos pela displasia 13 , sendo também encontrada na mucosa jugal e no assoalho bucal 13 . A localização da displasia pode ser influenciada por hábitos sociais, como uso do tabaco 13 e exposição solar, tendo este último maior influência no lábio inferior.…”

Frecuencia de displasia epitelial y carcinoma escamoso en mucosa oral y orofaríngea en Chile, entre los años 1990 y 2009

“…El diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de los DPM puede ser difícil en algunos casos debido a la subjetividad y falta de una evaluación sistemáti-ca 17,18 . Sin embargo, su identificación oportuna es de vital importancia, ya que actualmente se considera que incluso la mucosa aparentemente normal en un paciente que presenta un DPM puede albergar cambios sugerentes de transformación maligna, por lo que el cáncer podría originarse en un sitio distinto al de la lesión 6 .…”

“…En nuestro estudio observamos que todas estas lesiones se encuentran mayormente a partir de los 50 años, lo cual está en concordancia con otros estudios 9,18 . Sin embargo, existe un porcentaje importante de displasias epiteliales y carcinomas escamosos orales que ocurren en individuos más jóvenes, que podrían atribuirse a factores de riesgo no clásicos, tales como infección por virus papiloma humano de alto riesgo, factores genéticos e inmunodeficiencia 14 .…”

Oral Lichen Planus: Clinical Profile and Determination of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia

“…A large number of studies connected lifestyle habits with transformation of OPMDs into cancer, especially smoking, known as the most important factor (Wei et al; Pereira et al;Goodson et al, 2010). Although habits are not considered independent risk factors and their roles in malignant transformation are conflicting, the identification is important since treatment could be compromised.…”

“…The first one could be an early phase in OLP malignant transformation, while the latter could represent various clinical conditions including lichenoid reactions, lupus erythematosus, leukoplakia, erythroleukoplakia, and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL). The importance of dysplasia presence or absence diagnosis is clear, and when the presence is confirmed, the determination degree might be procedure, even for lesions considered benign with low potential malignancy transformation (Pereira et al, 2011). In Oral Pathology Service (UFES, Brazil) since 2011, in most cases of OLP there has been a biopsy to identify and document a possible OED, and the follow-up of those patients became more frequent.…”