Epidemiology of acute diabetes complications (coma) according to the Federal Diabetes register of the Russian Federation (2013–2016)

Abstract

Background: Despite the improvement in the quality of diabetes care in the Russian Federation (RF), coma remain one of the causes of death in patients with diabetes.
 Aim: To assess dynamic of epidemiological characteristic of acute complications in adult patients with T1D and T2D in 201316.
 Materials and methods: The database of the Russian Federal Diabetes register (81 regions). The indicators of coma for 201316 were estimated for 10000 adult patients with diabetes (18 years).
 Results: In 2016, the prevalence of coma in RF was 225.9 with T1D and 11.6/10000 adults with T2D. For the period from 2007 the prevalence of ketoacidotic coma decrease three times in T1D, 4 times for T2D.Totally in 2016, 165 new cases of coma for both types of diabetes were registered, an average of 0.4/10000 adults. Interregional differences in the prevalence of coma were observed 04.2/10000 adults. The frequency of new cases of coma has a tendency to decrease: 0,90,4/10000 adults: T1D 5.73.4, T2D 0.60.2/10000 adults. When evaluating the structure of coma, redistribution is evident in their form. So in 2016 the proportion of hypoglycemic coma increased to 40.7%, and ketoacidotic coma decreased to 56.6% in T1D. With T2D, the difference expressed in a lesser degree. The mean duration of diabetes at the time of coma development increased with T1D from 3.89.1 years, with T2D 3.57.0 years. The maximum frequency of development of coma is recorded with the diabetes duration more than 30 years, regardless of the type. The patients age at the time of coma development in T1D increased to 27.5 years old, and in T2D it was 60.4 years, it didnt change significantly. The assessment of glycemic control showed a significant improvement: a decrease in the proportion of patients with HbA1c 9.0% (23% with T1D, 8.8% with T2D), an increase with HbA1c 7% (32.4% and 51.7%, respectively). The average value of HbA1c in 2016 with T1D 8.21%, with T2D 7.48%.
 Conclusions: It is established that the dynamics of the frequency of development of coma in 201316 in adult patients with diabetes in the RF has a stable tendency to decrease: 1.5 times with T1D and more than 3 times with T2D. It can be assumed that this is due to the improvement in the quality of diabetes care and glycemic control in general, as well as the use of modern medicines. Attention is required to draw to the high frequency of coma in T1D, the development of coma with a longer duration of diabetes, an increase in the proportion of patients with hypoglycemic coma. Significant interregional differences in the frequency of coma registration require additional analysis.

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