Epidemiology of Child Motor Vehicle Crash Injuries and Fatalities

Arbogast, Kristy B.; Durbin, Dennis R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4154-0_2

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 144 publications

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“…The proportion of children involved in an MVA was lower than in previous studies. 6 8 9 Although these figures fit with the general reduction in MVAs, 32–34 caution should be exerted when interpreting the findings from this study completed during winter months when children are not playing outside. Environmental prevention interventions including sports and cycle helmets, traffic calming measures, and road safety provision must be sustained for this age group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Epidemiology of children with head injury: a national overview

Trefán

Houston²,

Pearson

et al. 2016

Arch Dis Child

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BackgroundThe National Confidential Enquiry describes the epidemiology of children admitted to hospital with head injury.MethodChildren (<15 years old) who died or were admitted for >4 h with head injury were identified from 216 UK hospitals (1 September 2009 to 28 February 2010). Data were collected using standard proformas and entered on to a database. A descriptive analysis of the causal mechanisms, child demographics, neurological impairment, CT findings, and outcome at 72 h are provided.ResultsDetails of 5700 children, median age 4 years (range 0–14.9 years), were analysed; 1093 (19.2%) were <1 year old, 3500 (61.4%) were boys. There was a significant association of head injury with social deprivation 39.7/100 000 (95% CI 37.0 to 42.6) in the least deprived first quintile vs. 55.1 (95% CI 52.1 to 58.2) in the most deprived fifth quintile (p<0.01). Twenty-four children died (0.4%). Most children were admitted for one night or less; 4522 (79%) had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 or were Alert (on AVPU (Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive)). The most common causes of head injury were falls (3537 (62.1%); children <5 years), sports-related incidents (783 (13.7%); median age 12.4 years), or motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) (401 (7.1%); primary-school-aged children). CT scans were performed in 1734 (30.4%) children; 536 (30.9%) were abnormal (skull fracture and/or intracranial injury or abnormality): 269 (7.6%) were falls, 82 (10.5%) sports related and 100 (25%). A total of 357 (6.2%) children were referred to social care because of child protection concerns (median age 9 months (range 0–14.9 years)).ConclusionsThe data described highlight priorities for targeted age-specific head injury prevention and have the potential to provide a baseline to evaluate the effects of regional trauma networks (2012) and National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) head injury guidelines (2014), which were revised after the study was completed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Epidemiology of children with head injury: a national overview

Trefán

Houston²,

Pearson

et al. 2016

Arch Dis Child

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Evaluation of Pediatric ATD Biofidelity as Compared to Child Volunteers in Low-Speed Far-Side Oblique and Lateral Impacts

Seacrist

Locey

Mathews

et al. 2014

Traffic Injury Prevention

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In general, the ATDs overestimated lateral excursion in both impact directions, while underestimating forward excursion of the head and neck in oblique impacts compared to the pediatric volunteers. This was primarily due to pendulum-like lateral bending of the entire ATD torso compared to translation of the thorax relative to the abdomen prior to the lateral bending of the upper torso in the volunteers, likely due to the multisegmented spinal column in the volunteers. Additionally, the effect of belt pretightening on occupant kinematics was greater for the ATDs than the volunteers.

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