Epidemiology of Human Mpox — Worldwide, 2018–2021

McCollum, Andrea M.; Shelus, Victoria; Hill, Alexandra; Traore, Tieble; Onoja, Anyebe Bernard; Nakazawa, Yoshinori; Doty, Jeffrey B.; Yinka-Ogunleye, Adesola; Petersen, Brett W.; Hutson, Christina L.; Lewis, Rosamund

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7203a4

Cited by 58 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This was attributed to ecological changes, animal and human movement, and the cessation of smallpox vaccination. The propensity of clade II virus to be transmitted from human to human was recognised in the 2017 outbreak in Nigeria and genital lesions have been described since then 2 …”

Section: Mpox Virusmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The propensity of clade II virus to be transmitted from human to human was recognised in the 2017 outbreak in Nigeria and genital lesions have been described since then. 2 Mpox and men's health Since May 2022, when the first case was described in London, about 85 000 cases have been reported from 110 countries globally. Over 90% of cases were in men, and in the UK 98.6% were in men, making it particularly relevant to men's health.…”

Section: Mpox Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mpox: what are the implications for male health?

Andrews

2023

Trends Urol & Men's Health

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Section: Mpox Virusmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Mpox Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mpox: what are the implications for male health?

Andrews

2023

Trends Urol & Men's Health

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“…This requires efforts by public health officials and healthcare professionals. Also, epidemiological studies should focus on how the virus can be transmitted from animals to people and identify possible sources of infections, such as people who work closely with animals ( 29 , 30 ). Furthermore, more clinical trials should be carried out to ensure that patients receive optimal care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of interventional clinical trials for monkeypox; systematic review of ClinicalTrials.gov database

Alorfi

Alshehri

Haseeb

2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundMonkeypox (mpox), a zoonotic viral infection, poses a global threat that is being acknowledged at the national and international levels. This systematic review aims to identify and characterize interventional clinical trials for mpox.MethodAll interventional clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov for mpox were searched up to January 6, 2023. We described the characteristics of interventional clinical trials, and drug interventions (including drugs and vaccines).ResultsAs of January 6, 2023, there were 10 clinical trials in the ClinicalTrials.gov registry that met our criteria. Most of the interventional clinical trials were focused on the treatment (N = 4, 40%) and prevention (N = 4, 40%) of mpox. From the 10 trials, 50% used random treatment allocation, and six (60%) chose the parallel assignment intervention model. All 10 studies were blinded, and six were open-label blinded. The largest proportion of the clinical trials (N = 4, 40%) were registered in Europe, followed by America (N = 3, 30%) and Africa and others (N = 3, 30%). The JYNNEOS vaccine (40%), followed by Tecovirimat (30%) were the most frequently studied drugs used against mpox.ConclusionA limited number of clinical trials have been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov since the first case of mpox was reported. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct large-scale randomized clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of the drugs and vaccines being used against the mpox virus.

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“…Poxviruses are large cytoplasmic DNA viruses, and as a family, can infect a wide variety of different animal species. The most notorious members of the poxvirus family include variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, and monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is responsible for the recent global outbreaks of monkeypox infections since 2021 [9][10][11][12] . Vaccinia virus was used as the vaccine strain for the eradication of smallpox and is also the prototypic poxvirus that is best characterized 13,14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human FAM111A inhibits vaccinia virus replication by degrading viral DNA-binding protein I3 and is antagonized by poxvirus host range factor SPI-1

Zhu

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Poxviruses are large double-stranded DNA viruses that infect a wide range of animals including humans. Smallpox virus, the most notorious poxvirus, was eradicated globally in the 1970s. Since then, other members of the poxvirus family, such as monkeypox virus (MPXV) are still posing a great threat to public health. Vaccinia virus (VACV) is a prototypic poxvirus and was used as the vaccine strain for smallpox eradication. VACV encodes a serine protease inhibitor 1 (SPI-1) conserved in all orthopoxviruses, which has been recognized as a host range factor for modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), an approved smallpox vaccine and a promising vaccine vector. FAM111A, a nuclear protein that regulates host DNA replication, was previously identified as a putative target of VACV-ΔSPI-1, which was unable to replicate in human cells unless FAM111A was repressed. Nevertheless, the detailed antiviral mechanisms of FAM111A were unresolved. Here, we show that FAM111A is a potent antiviral factor for VACV-ΔSPI-1 and MVA. Deletion of FAM111A was able to rescue the replication of MVA and VACV-ΔSPI-1. Overexpression of FAM111A significantly reduced viral DNA replication and virus titers but did not affect viral early gene expression. The antiviral effect of FAM111A required its functional serine protease domain and DNA binding domain but not the PCNA-interacting motif. We further discovered that FAM111A translocated into the cytoplasm upon VACV infection and this process was activated through the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Infection-triggered FAM111A degraded the nuclear pore complex via its serine protease activity, translocated to the cytoplasm, and interacted with and promoted the degradation of virus uncoating factor I3 in a DNA-dependent manner. Interestingly, the serine protease activity of FAM111A was only needed for nuclear export but not I3 degradation. Further analysis suggested I3 was degraded through autophagy. Moreover, VACV SPI-1 was found primarily in the nucleus of infected cells and antagonized FAM111A by prohibiting its nuclear export. Mutations in the SPI-1 reactive-site loop (RSL) abolished its anti-FAM111A activity. SPI-1 from MPXV and lumpy skin disease virus could also inhibit human FAM111A. Our findings reveal the detailed mechanism by which FAM111A functions to restrict a cytoplasmic DNA virus and provide explanations for the immune evasive function of VACV SPI-1.

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Epidemiology of Human Mpox — Worldwide, 2018–2021

Cited by 58 publications

References 10 publications

Mpox: what are the implications for male health?

Mpox: what are the implications for male health?

Characterization of interventional clinical trials for monkeypox; systematic review of ClinicalTrials.gov database

Human FAM111A inhibits vaccinia virus replication by degrading viral DNA-binding protein I3 and is antagonized by poxvirus host range factor SPI-1

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