Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carriage by Haemophilus influenzae in Healthy Children

Romero, María del Mar; Espejo-García, María Pilar; Alfayate-Miguélez, S.; Ruíz-López, Francisco José; Zapata-Hernandez, David; Gonzalez-Pacanowska, Ana Josefa

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000001625

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Colonization with H . influenzae has also been investigated mainly in infants and children [23, 24] for the same reasons. With regard to GAS, prevalence data on asymptomatic colonization have been available for infants or children [25] and also to a smaller extend for elderly people living in long term care facilities [17, 26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic carriage of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus among adults aged 65 years and older

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, group A Streptococcus (GAS), and Staphylococcus aureus in asymptomatic elderly people and to unravel risk factors leading to colonization.MethodsA multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted including 677 asymptomatic adults aged 65 years or more, living at home or in nursing homes. Study areas were Greater Aachen (North-Rhine-Westphalia) and Wuerzburg (Bavaria), both regions with medium to high population density. Nasal and oropharyngeal swabs as well as questionnaires were collected from October 2012 to May 2013. Statistical analysis included multiple logistic regression models.ResultsThe carriage rate was 1.9% ([95%CI: 1.0–3.3%]; 13/677) for H. influenzae, 0.3% ([95%CI: 0–1.1%]; 2/677) for N. meningitidis and 0% ([95% CI: 0–0.5%]; 0/677) for S. pneumoniae and GAS. Staphylococcus aureus was harboured by 28.5% of the individuals ([95% CI: 25.1–32.1%]; 193/677) and 0.7% ([95% CI: 0.2–1.7%]; 5/677) were positive for methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Among elderly community-dwellers colonization with S. aureus was significantly associated with higher educational level (adjusted OR: 1.905 [95% CI: 1.248–2.908]; p = 0.003). Among nursing home residents colonization was associated with being married (adjusted OR: 3.367 [1.502–7.546]; p = 0.003).ConclusionThe prevalence of N. meningitidis, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and GAS was low among older people in Germany. The S. aureus rate was expectedly high, while MRSA was found in less than 1% of the individuals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic carriage of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus among adults aged 65 years and older

et al. 2019

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“…Non-encapsulated strains also called "non-typeable" Hi (NTHi), cause usually non-invasive infections of the upper respiratory tract, but can also be responsible for invasive infections (7). Asymptomatic carriage of NTHi strains in healthy children under 5 years of age is common (27.7% with a variation between 73.2% in winter and 26.8% in summer) (8). Carriage of encapsulated strains is rarer especially carriage of Hib in countries where Hib vaccination is included into national immunization schedules (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High diversity of invasive Haemophilus influenzae isolates in France and the emergence of resistance to third generation cephalosporins by alteration of ftsI gene

Deghmane

Hong

Chehboub

et al. 2019

Journal of Infection

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“…Carriage rates of H. influenzae seem to differ largely in various studies, and the carriage rate in Iceland is considerably higher than was found in most other studies (16–20), possibly because of the different climate and/or different time period when samples were collected; however, the lowest carriage rate was found to be similar to that in Holland (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

The Effect of the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Protein D Conjugate Vaccine on H. influenzae in Healthy Carriers and Middle Ear Infections in Iceland

et al. 2019

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Vaccinations with the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PHiD-CV) started in Iceland in 2011. Protein D (PD) from H. influenzae, which is coded for by the hpd gene, is used as a conjugate in the vaccine and may provide protection against PD-positive H. influenzae. We aimed to evaluate the effect of PHiD-CV vaccination on H. influenzae in children, both in carriage and in acute otitis media (AOM). H. influenzae was isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs collected from healthy children attending 15 day care centers in 2009 and from 2012 to 2017 and from middle ear (ME) samples from children with AOM collected from 2012 to 2017. All isolates were identified using PCR for the hpd and fucK genes. Of the 3,600 samples collected from healthy children, 2,465 were culture positive for H. influenzae (68.5% carriage rate); of these, 151 (6.1%) contained hpd-negative isolates. Of the 2,847 ME samples collected, 889 (31.2%) were culture positive for H. influenzae; of these, 71 (8.0%) were hpd negative. Despite the same practice throughout the study, the annual number of ME samples reduced from 660 in 2012 to 330 in 2017. The proportions of hpd-negative isolates in unvaccinated versus vaccinated children were 5.6% and 7.0%, respectively, in healthy carriers, and 5.4% and 7.8%, respectively, in ME samples. The proportion of hpd-negative isolates increased with time in ME samples but not in healthy carriers. The number of ME samples from children with AOM decreased. The PHiD-CV had no effect on the proportion of the hpd gene in H. influenzae from carriage, but there was an increase in hpd-negative H. influenzae in otitis media. The proportions of hpd-negative isolates remained similar in vaccinated and unvaccinated children.

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Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carriage by Haemophilus influenzae in Healthy Children

Abstract: Colonization by NTHi is high in this Mediterranean coast region with remarkable ampicillin resistant. Younger age and the winter period were facilitating factors.

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Asymptomatic carriage of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus among adults aged 65 years and older

Asymptomatic carriage of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus among adults aged 65 years and older

High diversity of invasive Haemophilus influenzae isolates in France and the emergence of resistance to third generation cephalosporins by alteration of ftsI gene

The Effect of the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Protein D Conjugate Vaccine on H. influenzae in Healthy Carriers and Middle Ear Infections in Iceland

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