Epidemiology of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Three Community Surveys in the Central Region of Ghana, West Africa

Abu, Emmanuel Kwasi; Boampong, Johnson Nyarko; Amoabeng, Joseph Kwame; Ilechie, Alex Azuka; Kyei, Samuel; Owusu-Ansah, Andrew; Boadi-Kusi, Samuel Bert; Amoani, Benjamin; Ayi, Irène

doi:10.3109/09286586.2015.1089579

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…En la provincia argentina de Misiones se ha reportado toxoplasmosis ocular en el 20% de los pacientes adultos de un consultorio (7) oftalmológico . En África, en la región central de (8) Ghana, se encontró una prevalencia de 2,6% . En Malasia, en una clínica oftalmológica general, en un periodo de 6 años (2010 al 2016) detectaron solo 16 (9) casos de TO .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…como un biomarcador de recurrencia en la TO En este estudio todos los pacientes tenían corioretinitis, acompañado en menor porcentaje de uveítis. De hecho, la toxoplasmosis es considerada como la primera causa de lesiones de la cámara posterior del ojo, tal como lo reportan varios (6)(7)(8) estudios . En Japón la toxoplasmosis es una de las (22) principales causa de uveítis .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Toxoplasmosis ocular: Frecuencia y características clínicas en un consultorio de oftalmología pediátrica.

Cardozo¹,

Mesquita²,

Godoy³

2019

Pediatr (Asunción).

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Introducción: La toxoplasmosis afecta frecuentemente la cámara posterior del ojo y puede producir pérdida de la visión. Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia y características clínicas de la Toxoplasmosis ocular en un consultorio de oftalmología pediátrica. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo retrospectivo Se analizaron las historias clínicas de pacientes de 0 a 18 años de edad, con toxoplasmosis ocular, atendidos en el consultorio de oftalmología pediátrica, desde enero 2011 a mayo de 2014. Variables: edad, sexo, forma de toxoplasmosis, tipo de lesión ocular, localización de la lesión, compromiso unilateral o bilateral, y complicaciones oculares. Los datos se analizaron con SPSSv21 utilizando estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. No fue necesario el consentimiento informado porque se trata de un estudio retrospectivo. Resultados: Ingresaron 72 pacientes. La mediana de edad 48 meses, fueron neonatos el 6,9%. El 52,8% eran sexo femenino. El 80,5% presentaron toxoplasmosis adquirida y el 19, 4% congénita. Todos los pacientes tenían coriorretinitis. Y en el 7% se acompañaron de uveítis. La afectación fue bilateral en 52.8%. Las lesiones eran inactivas en 87,5 con localización central. Presentaron complicaciones en el 58,3% de los pacientes: estrabismo en 76% y en 24 % desprendimiento de retina. Conclusión: La frecuencia de TO fue del 0,8%. La mayoría de los pacientes tenían más de 2 años de edad y el 19% tenía toxoplasmosis congénita. Todos tuvieron corioretinitis, con compromiso bilateral y localización central más frecuentemente. Hubo predominio de lesiones inactivas tanto en la toxoplasmosis congénita como en la adquirida. Las complicaciones fueron estrabismo y desprendimiento de retina. Correspondencia: Mirta Mesquita Correo: mirtanmr@gmail.com Conflicto de interés: Los autores declaran no poseer conflicto de interés Recibido: 21/10/2018; Aceptado: 28/12/2018

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Toxoplasmosis ocular: Frecuencia y características clínicas en un consultorio de oftalmología pediátrica.

Cardozo¹,

Mesquita²,

Godoy³

2019

Pediatr (Asunción).

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“…Toxoplasmosis can result in serious ophthalmic disorders, with at least a quarter (25%) of people infected with the parasite developing ocular toxoplasmosis [44]. Originally believed to be solely a result of congenital transmission, there is now growing evidence of ocular toxoplasmosis from acquired infections [45]. The prognosis of disease varies with the age of the patient, virulence of parasite strain, host genetic factors, as well as location, size and severity of retinochoroiditis [37].…”

Section: Toxoplasmosis In Eye Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasmosis in Humans and Animals in Ghana (1962 – 2020): A Review

Reynolds

2020

IJTDH

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Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the ubiquitous, Apicomplexan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. This disease remains a significant aetiologic factor in pregnant women and HIV patients. In Sub-Saharan African countries like Ghana, the low antiviral therapy coverage exacerbates the risk of HIV-related mortality resulting from concurrent infections like toxoplasmosis. This paper reviews published data on toxoplasmosis in both humans and animals in Ghana. Serological surveys in humans indicate high prevalence of toxoplasmosis (up to 92.5%) in a cross-section of Ghanaians, including pregnant women and their neonates, blood donors, as well as HIV and eye patients. Limited data from epidemiological surveys also show Toxoplasma infections in four food animals, with the prevalence ranging from 7.5% to as high as 64%. Molecular analyses in animals have also revealed three novel genotypes, TgCkGh1, TgCkGh2 and TgCtGh1. There are, however, no reports in other food animals like dogs, cattle and grass cutters in Ghana. The role of environmental matrices in the epidemiology of the disease also needs to be investigated. There is paucity of data in the Northern part of Ghana, with most reports concentrated on Southern Ghana, thus necessitating nationwide surveys under a ‘One-Health’ concept to inform management of the disease. Policies which mandate screening of expectant mothers and blood donors are recommended to limit disease transmission in Ghana.

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“…The study participants consisted of 20 consecutive patients with inactive ocular toxoplasmosis, who visited the University of Cape Coast Eye Unit plus 10 patients from an earlier population-based survey in the Central Region [13]. The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration on Research Regarding Human Subjects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Colombia an estimated 5.5% of the entire population has Toxoplama retinochoroidal scars and 47% of the population has been infected with the parasite [9]. Seroprevalence surveys in Ghana have reported Toxoplasma infection rates between 49.7% and 92% [10][11][12] while toxoplasmic retinochoroidal lesions occur in 3% of the population exposed to the parasite [13]. Higher and severe ocular disease outcomes have been attributed to infection with more virulent parasite strains and human genetic factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Outcome in Ocular Toxoplasmosis: A Case Series of 30 Patients from Ghana

Abu¹,

Boampong²,

Afoakwah³

2015

J Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Purpose: To determine visual outcome (low vision and blindness) in patients with inactive ocular toxoplasmosis. Methods:This study employed a cross sectional design involving a series of 30 patients with inactive toxoplasmic ocular lesions. Ophthalmic assessment including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and dilated fundus examination by indirect ophthalmoscopy was performed on all participants. Ocular toxoplasmosis was diagnosed based on characteristic retinal lesions in addition to a positive serologic testing using commercial ELISA kits. Visual impairment (VI) was determined based on the International Classification of Diseases.Results: Their ages ranged from 16-59 years (mean age of 34.2 ± 14.19), with 19 (63.3%) males and 11 (36.7%) females. There were 33 infected eyes in all (3 patients had bilateral cases). The most common complaint (77%) was blurred vision in the infected eyes. 11 (33%) eyes had mild or no visual impairment (VI category 1), 22 (67%) eyes had low vision (VA<6/18), and 11 (33%) eyes were blind (VA<3/60). Posterior pole (p<0.001) and larger retinal lesions (p=0.04) were the major causes of visual impairment. However, there was no association between visual impairment and the number of lesions occurring in the infected eyes (χ 2 =3.52, p=0.11). Older patient age was significantly associated with: posterior pole lesions (0.003), larger retinal lesion sizes (p=0.001) and multiple lesions (p=0.001). Only three cases each of strabismus and bilateral involvement suggest that acquired infection is more common in this Ghanaian population. Conclusion:Low vision and blindness were common in Toxoplasma eye infection in our Ghanaian population and that posterior pole and larger retinal lesions rather than multiple lesions were the major causes of reduced vision.

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Epidemiology of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Three Community Surveys in the Central Region of Ghana, West Africa

Abstract: The prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis in our Ghanaian study population was lower than findings from Southern Brazil, where there is a similar prevalence of infection in the general population.

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Toxoplasmosis ocular: Frecuencia y características clínicas en un consultorio de oftalmología pediátrica.

Toxoplasmosis ocular: Frecuencia y características clínicas en un consultorio de oftalmología pediátrica.

Toxoplasmosis in Humans and Animals in Ghana (1962 – 2020): A Review

Visual Outcome in Ocular Toxoplasmosis: A Case Series of 30 Patients from Ghana

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