“…Various cell types, including red blood cells (RBC) ( Dehaini et al, 2017 ; Kim et al, 2020 ), platelets ( Dehaini et al, 2017 ; Kunde and Wairkar, 2021 ), white blood cells ( Yaman et al, 2020 ), cancer cells ( Yang et al, 2018 ) and stem cells ( Defterali et al, 2016 ), have been coated with the nanoparticles ( Fang et al, 2018 ). In comparison with polymer coating, cell membranes coated with nanoparticles exhibited low immunogenicity and excellent homologous targeting ability ( Fang et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Lin et al, 2021 ; Peng et al, 2021 ). For cancer diagnosis and treatment, based on the homologous targeting ability, nanoparticles coated with the cancer cell membrane from homologous cells could efficiently deliver drugs and probes to the tumors ( Fang et al, 2018 ; Zhang L. et al, 2020 ).…”