Epigenetic Modifiers Affect the Bioactive Compounds Secreted by an Endophyte of the Tropical Plant Piper longum

Abstract

Seven endophytic fungi were isolated from the tropical medicinal plant Piper longum L. After preliminary screening, Phomopsis heveicola was selected for the epigenetic activation treatments. The antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant potentials of crude extracts obtained from the treatments (with and without epigenetic modifiers) were analyzed in vitro. The extracts inhibited growth of the human pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Salmonella typhi, as well as the phytopathogens Puccinia recondita, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora infestans, and Botrytis cinerea. Furthermore, DPPH-scavenging activity was higher in valproic acid treated extracts. Volatile chemicals with known biological activities (measured with GC-MS/MS), were released in the valproic acid treatment. The antimicrobial potentials of the extracts were confirmed using MRM/MS analysis. The experiments revealed a new promising endophytic fungus, P. heveicola, to be utilized in biological plant protection and in biomedical applications.

Recent Advances in Search of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Fungi Triggered by Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

“…VPA at 0.5–25 μg/mL increased the production of volatile compounds secreted by the endophytic fungus P. heveicola of the tropical plant Piper longum . These increased volatile compounds were only preliminarily identified by GC-MS analysis [ 126 ].…”

Metabolites of medicine food homology-derived endophytic fungi and their activities

“… Mentha longifolia Candida albicans (8.3 μg/disc) Fusaristerol A ( 100 ) Steroids Anti-microbial Chester et al (2017) HCT-116 (0.21 μM) Fusaristerol A ( 100 ) Steroids Anti-cancer Lasiodiplodia venezuelensis BJA-1 Syzygium samarangense – 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl flavanone ( 101 ) Flavonoids Anti-oxidant Budiono et al (2019) Aspergillus aculeatus MBT 102 Rosa damascena MDA-MB-231 (16.6 μM) Secalonic acid derivative F-7 ( 102 ) Organic acids Anti-cancer Farooq et al (2020) Curvularia papendorfii Vernonia amygdalina HCoV 229 E, FCV F9 (128 μg/mL) The EtOAc extract of Curvularia papendorfii ( 103 ) Fungal Extractives Anti-microbial Khiralla et al (2020) MCF-7 (21.5 ± 5.9 μg/mL) The EtOAc extract of Curvularia papendorfii ( 103 ) Fungal Extractives Anti-cancer Fusarium sp. CK F05-5 Dendrobium lindleyi – The CK F05-5-EtOAc extract ( 104 ) Fungal Extractives Anti-oxidant Bungtongdee et al (2019) Fusarium oxysporum TY5 Dendrobium officinale HepG2 (320 μg/mL) The TY5-EtOAc extract ( 105 ) Fungal Extractives Anti-cancer Ty et al (2018) Phomopsis heveicola Piper longum Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%), Shigella sonnei (25%), Streptococcus pyogenes (17%), Salmonella typhimurium (23%) Valproic acid-treated Fungal Extractives of Phomopsis heveicola ( 106 ) Fungal Extractives Anti-microbial Ameen et al (2021) ...…”

“…officinale , and again an ethyl acetate extract ( 105 ) was obtained ( Ty et al, 2018 ). In Ameen et al (2021) , seven endophytic fungi were isolated from the tropical MFH plant Piper longum L. After preliminary screening, Phomopsis heveicola was selected for epigenetic activation treatments. Endophytic fungi were treated with different concentrations of valproic acid to obtain extracts ( 106 ).…”

“…Some endophytic fungal extracts have shown antibacterial activities. Valproic acid-treated fungal extracts ( 106 ) showed significant antibacterial efficiency against the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Shigella sonnei , and Streptococcus pyogenes ( Ameen et al, 2021 ). An ST9.1-EtOAc extract ( 107 ) had active fractions against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with a MIC of 2.5 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) concentration of 50.0 mg/mL ( Techaoei et al, 2020 ).…”

Mutation, Chemoprofiling, Dereplication, and Isolation of Natural Products from Penicillium oxalicum

“…The stimulation of hidden biosynthetic pathways for the production of natural products has become an important strategy for obtaining new compounds with high yields from fungi as these compounds generally form gene clusters and remain inactive under normal culture conditions . In order to activate these silent metabolites, various strategies such as chemical epigenetics, co-cultivation, ribosome engineering, and so forth have been followed for the introduction of important new compounds. Under the mandate of our research institute, we have explored important microbes to obtain the bioactive metabolites, and few successes have been already published. − Among different strategies, chemical mutagenesis has been exploited a little for finding potent bioactive molecules. , Therefore, chemical mutagenesis has been applied in our study using diethyl sulfate (DES).…”