Epinecidin-1, a highly potent marine antimicrobial peptide with anticancer and immunomodulatory activities

Abstract

Background Antibiotic-resistant pathogens are an emerging threat in this century. Epinecidin-1 is a multi-functional Antimicrobial Peptide (AMP) produced by Orange-spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioides ) has been shown to have extensive potentials as an alternative for current antibiotics. Due to the huge costs for the study and the production of a new drug, if an antimicrobial peptide has other beneficial functions in addition to antimicrobial activities, it would be preferred. Methods In this study, properties and applications of Epinecidin-1 were investigated and addressed comprehensively. To achieve this, the Google Scholar search engine and three databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used. Results Epinecidin-1 is a cationic AMP with an alpha-helical structure. Seven functional usages of this peptide have been reported in the literature including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and wound healing properties. Moreover, this peptide has high potential to be used as an active ingredient in cleaning solutions as well as application in vaccine production. Conclusion Due to significant antimicrobial activities tested on bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori and also wound healing properties, Epi-1 has high potential to be considered as an important candidate for the production of new drugs and treatment of various infections including diabetic foot ulcer and peptic ulcer. Moreover, adjuvant-like properties of Epi-1 make it a suitable candidate for the studies related to an adjuvant. Other attractive properties such as anticancer effects have also been reported for this peptide which encourages further studies on this peptide.

The Alteration of Intestinal Microbiota Profile and Immune Response in Epinephelus coioides during Pathogen Infection

“…Fish immunity consists of two components, innate and adaptive immune system [ 97 ]. Recent studies revealed that cytokines play appreciable innate immune factors in fish which displayed as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antiprotozoal agents [ 98 ]. The gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) contain a variety of immune cells and play a critical role in maintaining the balance between pathogenic and commensal microbiota [ 99 ].…”

Antimicrobial Peptides: Classification, Design, Application and Research Progress in Multiple Fields

“…Antiparasitic peptides show their killing effect on parasites which cause diseases such as malaria and leishmaniasis (Mangoni et al, 2005;Rhaiem and Houimel, 2016) and AMPs like cathelicidin, temporins-SHd show high inhibition activity against parasites (Abbassi et al, 2013). In recent research, Epi-1, a marine synthetic AMP, can remarkably inhibit Trichomonas vaginalis by destroying its membrane (Neshani et al, 2019). The peptide Jellein derived from bee royal jelly which has introduced above and 4-amino acid AMP KDEL (lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and leucine) has shown a significant effect on the Leishmania parasite (Cao et al, 2019;Zahedifard et al, 2020).…”

Frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in nose and cellular phone of medical and non-medical personnel of emergency departments of Ghaem hospital in Mashhad city

“…Increasing antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is one of the most serious problems in health care systems. [13][14][15][16][17][18] One of the most common antibiotic-resistant bacteria is MRSA. Identification of MRSA contaminated staff in hospital wards can prevent the spread of this type of resistance.…”