Episodic memory decay along the adult lifespan: A review of behavioral and neurophysiological evidence

Cansino, Selene

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.07.005

Cited by 119 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Other studies observed the same finding when contrasting interference control functions in younger (Dumas & Hartman, 2008;Nee & Jonides, 2008, 2009) and older subjects (Dumas & Hartman, 2008). One possible explanation for this result may be that access functions operate during selective attention; therefore, these mechanisms do not require resources from working memory, which leads to a higher memory benefit.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Although several researchers agree that different cognitive control functions operate on selective attention and working memory to circumvent interference Nigg, 2000;Wilson & Kipp, 1998), few studies (Dumas & Hartman, 2008;Nee & Jonides, 2008, 2009Palladino, Mammarella, & Vecchi, 2003) have examined these interference control functions within the same subjects and under equivalent conditions. With the exception of one study (Dumas & Hartman, 2008), the agerelated effects of access and deletion on working memory performance have always been evaluated in separate experiments.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…There have been several attempts to explain these inconsistent results. One explanation of the discrepancies is that the results from several interference control tasks can also be attributed to source memory failure (i.e., remembering the temporal and spatial context in which personal experiences take place), which decreases with advancing age (Cansino, 2009). In the case of the reading span test and certain visuospatial tasks (Cornoldi et al, 2007), only the final word of each sentence or the final position must be remembered; thus, the contextual information of the relevant stimulus must also be encoded for subjects to succeed in these tasks (Lustig et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of aging on interference control in selective attention and working memory

et al. 2011

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Working memory decay in advanced age has been attributed to a concurrent decrease in the ability to control interference. The present study contrasted a form of interference control in selective attention that acts upon the perception of external stimuli (access) with another form that operates on internal representations in working memory (deletion), in order to determine both of their effects on working memory efficiency in younger and older adults. Additionally, we compared memory performance under these access and deletion functions to performance in their respective control conditions. The results indicated that memory accuracy improved in both age groups from the access functions, but that only young adults benefited from the deletion functions. In addition, intrusion effects in the deletion condition were larger in older than in younger adults. The ability to control the irrelevant perception-and memory-elicited interference did not decline in general with advancing age; rather, the control mechanisms that operate on internal memory representations declined specifically.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

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Effects of aging on interference control in selective attention and working memory

et al. 2011

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“…Our results suggested that the older elderly scored significantly lower when compared to the younger age group. According to Cansino (2009), episodic memory is particularly vulnerable to aging, once contextual information or details of the moment/episode are susceptible to be forgotten than the event itself. In the aging process, changes occur both in memory acquisition and in recalling new information (Quevedo, Martins, & Izquierdo, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative data of the Brazilian elderly in Logical Memory subtest of WMS-R

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to establish normative data for the Brazilian elderly population in the Logical Memory (LM) subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale, revised version (WMS-R) and investigate the ability of scores in this subtest (immediate and delayed recall) to discriminate the elderly with and without depressive symptoms. The sample consisted of 334 elderly participants. Participants answered a sociodemographic and health questionnaire, the MMSE, the GDS-15, and the LM subtest. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Student's t test, multiple linear regression, univariate analysis, and discriminant analysis. Age, education, and depressive symptoms significantly influenced all the scores of LM. Normative data were available according to three age groups, three levels of education, sex, and presence or absence of depressive symptoms. Results are in agreement with the literature, demonstrating the importance of establishing reference standards in accordance with sociodemographic and cultural characteristics. Keywords: aging; verbal memory; memory; cognition. RESUMO -Dados normativos de idosos brasileiros no subteste Memória Lógica da WMS-RO presente estudo teve por objetivo estabelecer dados normativos a idosos brasileiros no subteste Memória Lógica (ML) da WMS-R e investigar a capacidade dos escores desse subteste (recordação imediata e tardia) para discriminar idosos com e sem sintomas depressivos. A amostra foi composta por 334 idosos. Os idosos responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, ao MEEM, à GDS-15 e ao subteste ML. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva, teste t de Student, regressão linear múltipla, análise univariada e análise discriminante. A idade, escolaridade e sintomas depressivos influenciaram significativamente todas as pontuações da ML. Os dados normativos foram disponibilizados de acordo com três grupos etários, três níveis de escolaridade, sexo e presença ou ausência de sintomas depressivos. Os resultados estão de acordo com a literatura, demonstrando a importância de estabelecer padrões de referência de acordo com características demográficas e socioculturais. Palavras-chave: envelhecimento; memória verbal; memória; cognição. RESUMEN -Datos normativos de los adultos mayores brasileños en sub-test de Memoria Lógica de WMS-REste estudio tuve como objetivo establecer los datos normativos para mayores brasileños en la sub-prueba de la Memoria Lógica (ML) de la Escala de Memoria de Wechsler, versión revisada (WMS-R), e investigar la capacidad de las puntuaciones de la sub-prueba (memoria inmediata y retardada) para discriminar mayores con y sin los síntomas depresivos. La muestra se compuso de 334 personas mayores. Los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de la salud, lo MEEM, la GDS-15 y la sub-prueba de ML. Los datos fueron analizados utilizándose la estadística descriptiva, la prueba t de Student, la regresión lineal múltiple, el análisis univariado y el análisis discriminante. La edad, la educación y los síntomas depresivos i...

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“…Specifically, older adults recall less detailed information about events due to source memory deficits (McIntyre and Craik 1987;Schacter et al 1994;Cansino 2009), experience decreased sensitivity to novelty (Fandakova et al 2014), and show increased susceptibility to proactive interference (Hartman 1995;Pettigrew and Martin 2014;Wais and Gazzaley 2014). Parallel observations have been made in animal models of aging.…”

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confidence: 81%

Discrimination performance in aging is vulnerable to interference and dissociable from spatial memory

et al. 2016

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Hippocampal-dependent episodic memory and stimulus discrimination abilities are both compromised in the elderly. The reduced capacity to discriminate between similar stimuli likely contributes to multiple aspects of age-related cognitive impairment; however, the association of these behaviors within individuals has never been examined in an animal model. In the present study, young and aged F344×BN F1 hybrid rats were cross-characterized on the Morris water maze test of spatial memory and a dentate gyrus-dependent match-to-position test of spatial discrimination ability. Aged rats showed overall impairments relative to young in spatial learning and memory on the water maze task. Although young and aged learned to apply a match-to-position response strategy in performing easy spatial discriminations within a similar number of trials, a majority of aged rats were impaired relative to young in performing difficult spatial discriminations on subsequent tests. Moreover, all aged rats were susceptible to cumulative interference during spatial discrimination tests, such that error rate increased on later trials of test sessions. These data suggest that when faced with difficult discriminations, the aged rats were less able to distinguish current goal locations from those of previous trials. Increasing acetylcholine levels with donepezil did not improve aged rats' abilities to accurately perform difficult spatial discriminations or reduce their susceptibility to interference. Interestingly, better spatial memory abilities were not significantly associated with higher performance on difficult spatial discriminations. This observation, along with the finding that aged rats made more errors under conditions in which interference was high, suggests that match-to-position spatial discrimination performance may rely on extra-hippocampal structures such as the prefrontal cortex, in addition to the dentate gyrus.

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Episodic memory decay along the adult lifespan: A review of behavioral and neurophysiological evidence

Cited by 119 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of aging on interference control in selective attention and working memory

Effects of aging on interference control in selective attention and working memory

Normative data of the Brazilian elderly in Logical Memory subtest of WMS-R

Discrimination performance in aging is vulnerable to interference and dissociable from spatial memory

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