Epitaxial Growth of Highly Oriented Fibers of Semiconducting Polymers with a Shish‐Kebab‐Like Superstructure

Brinkmann, Martin; Chandezon, F.; Pansu, Robert; Julien-Rabant, Carine

doi:10.1002/adfm.200900966

Cited by 63 publications

(75 citation statements)

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“…Highly oriented fibers of regioregular (P3ATs) with a shish-kebab morphology have been prepared by oriented epitaxial crystallization in a mixture of 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (TCB) and pyridine. 90 The superstructure of the P3AT fibers consists of an oriented thread-like core several hundreds of micrometers long (the ''shish'') onto which lateral crystalline fibrils made of folded polymer chains (the ''kebabs'') are connected with a periodicity in the 18-30 nm range (see Fig. 15).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and morphology control in thin films of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene)

Brinkmann

2011

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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This review focuses on the structural control in thin films of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), a workhorse among conjugated semiconducting polymers. It highlights the correlation existing between processing conditions and the resulting structures formed in thin films and in solution. Particular emphasis is put on the control of nucleation, crystallinity and orientation. P3HT can generate a large palette of morphologies in thin films including crystalline nanofibrils, spherulites, interconnected semicrystalline morphologies and nanostructured fibers, depending on the elaboration method and on the macromolecular parameters of the polymer. Effective means developed in the recent literature to control orientation of crystalline domains in thin films, especially by using epitaxial crystallization and controlled nucleation conditions are emphasized.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and morphology control in thin films of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene)

Brinkmann

2011

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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368

388

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“…Noteworthy is the publication [35] that reports on nanofibers covered by poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3ÀÒ) nanobristles of various chemical structure. It seems pertinent to note that the tradition of giving non-standard names to bristled nanostructures (fibers and particles) goes back to microstructures in which microbristles and bristled microfibers were named whiskers and whiskerized fibers, respectively [60,61].…”

Section: Carbene™ Gsi Greos Corporationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…30 shows a tunnel electron microscopy image of a P3ÀÒ nanofiber. Bristled P3ÀÒ nanofibers were named shish-kebab-like ones in [35]. Fishbone/herringbone nanofibers might be classed among bristled nanofibers [62].…”

Section: Examples Of Structurally Complex Nanofillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of structurally complex nanocomposites (review)

Guz

Rushchitsky²

2011

Int Appl Mech

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Structurally complex nanocomposites (their fillers have complex shape, which complicates the theoretical analysis of these composites) are considered. Nanotubes of quite complex shape that are very difficult to theoretically describe and analyze are exemplified. Fibrous and particulate composites reinforced with bristled nanofibers and bristled knedel-like nanogranules, respectively, are described and analyzed theoretically. Theoretical approaches to studying nanocomposites with large-scale and small-scale bendings of nanotubes are outlined Keywords: nanocomposite, structurally complex filler, nanotube, nanostructure, bristled nanofibers, large-scale and small-scale bendings of nanotubes Introduction. By nanocomposites of complex internal structure (structurally complex nanocomposites) we will mean nanocomposites with fillers (reinforcements) of complex geometry.By the analysis of a structurally complex nanocomposite we will mean searching for the possibility of quantitative description of its internal structure and setting up a corresponding design model needed to analyze the stress-strain state in the structure of the nanocomposite and to find its effective constants, i.e., to homogenize the nanocomposite.This analysis always involves the following two problems, which, in fact, determine structurally complex composites. One problem arises in describing the properties of reinforcements as individual nano-objects because both nanolevel and microlevel analyses are required in this case, according to the scale specified in [18,19]. Such reinforcements can consist of nanoropes, nanowires, strands of nanotubes, yarns of nanofibers, and other structurally complex formations that cover several sublevels and whose length can sometimes reach the microlevel. At the same time, these formations consist of nanoparticles (nanomolecules) that fall into the right-hand portion of the size range of the nanolevel and interact via interatomic forces. The problem is solved by applying continualization and homogenization successively, as indicated in [18,19,59]. As a result, the properties of each reinforcement (nano-object) are described in the continuum approximation in both the size range of the microlevel and the left-hand portion of the size range of the nanolevel. Note that the first problem should be analyzed for both simple and complex internal structures of nanocomposites.The other problem arises after solving the first problem, i.e., after continuum models for each reinforcement and the matrix (more often, polymer) have been set up. Solving this problem involves quantitative description (using these continuum models) of the shape and relative position of nano-objects and setting up of design models to analyze the stress-strain state in the structure of the nanocomposite and to determine its effective constants. Note that the second problem is more important and difficult-to-solve for structurally complex nanocomposites than for nanocomposites with simple structure. This leads us to the conclusion that in some cases it is pr...

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“…through modulation of the solvent quality, temperature or using templated assembly. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Devices processed from these dispersions display an increased power conversion efficiency as compared to non-prestructured devices, as a consequence of the presence of a highly crystalline, nanostructured network. [23][24][25][26] It is therefore of interest to consider growing crystalline nanostructures in solution, to make an ink from the resulting dispersion.…”

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confidence: 99%

Visualizing order in dispersions and solid state morphology with Cryo-TEM and electron tomography: P3HT : PCBM organic solar cells

et al. 2015

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Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers)Please check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Link to publication• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Building blocks for organic solar cells are made from P3HT in a P3HT : PCBM solution in toluene and used to tune the morphology of the photoactive layer. The approach presented here decouples the structure and morphology formation, providing precise control over both the structures in solution and the morphology of the photoactive layer. For the characterization of the nanostructures in the organic casting solutions, cryo-TEM was successfully employed, and reveals the P3HT crystals and even the 1.7 nm lamellar stacking, which in combination with cryogenic low dose electron diffraction clearly proves the high crystallinity of P3HT aggregates realized. The photoactive layers made from pre-crystallized solutions show a morphology that is closely related to the structures in solution. A clear trend of decreasing open circuit voltage and increasing short circuit current with increasing order in the casting solutions and the devices was observed, which correlates with the evolution of the morphology from very intermixed with small fibrillar structures to phase-separated with large polymer crystals, as evaluated from representative devices, characterized in 3D with electron tomography.

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Epitaxial Growth of Highly Oriented Fibers of Semiconducting Polymers with a Shish‐Kebab‐Like Superstructure

Cited by 63 publications

References 41 publications

Structure and morphology control in thin films of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene)

Structure and morphology control in thin films of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene)

Analysis of structurally complex nanocomposites (review)

Visualizing order in dispersions and solid state morphology with Cryo-TEM and electron tomography: P3HT : PCBM organic solar cells

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