Epsilon‐Poly‐l‐Lysine

Abstract

Introduction Historical Outline Chemical Structure and Stability Chemical Analysis and Detection Occurrence Functions Production Applications Biodegradation Biosynthesis of ɛ‐PL Possible Physiological Role of the ɛ‐PL‐degrading Enzyme Molecular Genetics Outlook and Perspectives Patents

Efficacy of ε-Polylysine, Lauric Arginate, or Acidic Calcium Sulfate Applied Sequentially for Salmonella Reduction on Membrane Filters and Chicken Carcasses

“…Another antimicrobial, 8-polylysine (EPL), is a cationic homopolymer of 25 to 35 L-lysine residues connected at the £-amino and a-carboxyl group juncture (6). EPL is an edible, water-soluble agent with a wide range of antimicrobial activity that includes both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (5,6,40,41). The proposed mechanism for the mode of action of EPL is electrostatic adsorption of EPL into the cell surface of microorganisms due to the molecule's cationic properties, which cause further distribution on the outer membrane and in the cytoplasmY^O, 41).…”

Panorama of poly-ε-lysine

“…In Japan, e-PL is manufactured commercially by a fermentation process using a mutant of the S. albulus. 10,11,14,15 It is used as a preservative in sliced fish, fish sushi, Nimono (Japanese daily dishes), boiled rice, soups, noodles, cooked vegetables, sukiyaki (Japanese beef steak), potato salad, steamed cake and custard cream. 11,12,16,17 e-PL exhibits a variety of secondary structures such as a random coil, a-helix, or b-sheet conformations in aqueous solution.…”

“…33 Various researchers have studied mechanistic aspects for biosynthesis of e-PL. 9,10,15 Besides, reports on biosynthesis of other poly(amino acid)s are also available. 21,41 It is presumed that e-PL synthesis is terminated by aliphatic polyols via esterification.…”

Radial artery occlusion— A limitation of transradial catheterization

“…However, both linear α‐PLL and dendritic PLL are known for their cytotoxicity,10, 11 which limits the number of biomedical applications. Linear ε‐poly( L ‐lysine) (ε‐PLL) 4 is mostly used as food preservative12 and cosmetic additive13–15 because of its antimicrobial properties and nontoxicity. Little is known about the properties of highly branched poly( L ‐lysine) 16…”

“…It should be noted, that ε‐PLL was found as a natural polypeptide in several Streptomyces strains. This ε‐PLL—with up to 35 repeating units—is industrially produced using an aerobic fermentation system with mutants derived from Streptomyces albulus 12…”