Equity in health and health care in Peru, 2004 - 2008

Petrera, Margarita; Valdivia, Martín; Jiménez, Eduardo García; Almeida, Gisele

doi:10.1590/s1020-49892013000200008

Cited by 24 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…If the health sector variable has higher (lower) values among poorer people, the concentration curve will lie above (below) the line of equality. In the case that the health sector variables are distributed equally among all income groups, the concentration index would coincide with the 45-degree line [24,25]. The concentration index was employed to measure inequality in the health sector variables over the distribution of income.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining Income-Related Inequalities in Dietary Knowledge: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Lack of adequate dietary knowledge may result in poor health conditions. This study aims to measure income-related inequality in dietary knowledge, and to explain the sources of the inequality. Data were from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) conducted in 2015. A summary of the dietary knowledge score and dietary guideline awareness was used to measure the dietary knowledge of respondents. The concentration index was employed as a measure of socioeconomic inequality and was decomposed into its determining factors. The study found that the proportion of respondents who correctly answered questions on dietary knowledge was significantly low for some questions. Compared to rural residents, urban residents had a higher proportion of correctly answered dietary knowledge questions. In addition, there are pro-rich inequalities in dietary knowledge. This observed inequality is determined not only by individual factors but also high-level area factors. Our study recommends that future dietary education programs could take different strategies for individuals with different educational levels and focus more on disadvantaged people. It would be beneficial to consider local dietary habits in developing education materials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining Income-Related Inequalities in Dietary Knowledge: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Development Goals (MDGs) [1]. Currently, the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) "to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages" [2] challenge the health sector, not least because Peruvian health expenditure are among the lowest in the Americas (about 5% of Gross Domestic Product-GDP) [3], substantial health inequities persist [4], and communicable diseases such as malaria resurge [5,6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic costs analysis of uncomplicated malaria case management in the Peruvian Amazon

Moreno-Gutierrez

Aguirre

Llanos‐Cuentas

et al. 2020

Malar J

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Background: Case management is one of the principal strategies for malaria control. This study aimed to estimate the economic costs of uncomplicated malaria case management and explore the influence of health-seeking behaviours on those costs. Methods:A knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey was applied to 680 households of fifteen communities in Mazan-Loreto in March 2017, then a socio-economic survey was conducted in September 2017 among 161 individuals with confirmed uncomplicated malaria in the past 3 months. Total costs per episode were estimated from both provider (Ministry of Health, MoH) and patient perspectives. Direct costs were estimated using a standard costing estimation procedure, while the indirect costs considered the loss of incomes among patients, substitute labourers and companions due to illness in terms of the monthly minimum wage. Sensitivity analysis evaluated the uncertainty of the average cost per episode. Results:The KAP survey showed that most individuals (79.3%) that had malaria went to a health facility for a diagnosis and treatment, 2.7% received those services from community health workers, and 8% went to a drugstore or were self-treated at home. The average total cost per episode in the Mazan district was US$ 161. The cost from the provider's perspective was US$ 30.85 per episode while from the patient's perspective the estimated cost was US$ 131 per episode. The average costs per Plasmodium falciparum episode (US$ 180) were higher than those per Plasmodium vivax episode (US$ 156) due to longer time lost from work by patients with P. falciparum infections (22.2 days) than by patients with P. vivax infections (17.0 days). The delayed malaria diagnosis (after 48 h of the onset of symptoms) was associated with the time lost from work due to illness (adjusted mean ratio 1.8; 95% CI 1.3, 2.6). The average cost per malaria episode was most sensitive to the uncertainty around the lost productivity cost due to malaria. Conclusions:Despite the provision of free malaria case management by MoH, there is delay in seeking care and the costs of uncomplicated malaria are mainly borne by the families. These costs are not well perceived by the society and the substantial financial impact of the disease can be frequently undervalued in public policy planning.

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“…The results of the analysis of incomerelated inequality in health and health care in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico, and Peru are presented in other articles in this issue (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring evolution of income-related inequalities in health and health care utilization in selected Latin American and Caribbean countries

Almeida

Sarti

2013

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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Equity in health and health care in Peru, 2004 - 2008

Cited by 24 publications

References 1 publication

Explaining Income-Related Inequalities in Dietary Knowledge: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Explaining Income-Related Inequalities in Dietary Knowledge: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Economic costs analysis of uncomplicated malaria case management in the Peruvian Amazon

Measuring evolution of income-related inequalities in health and health care utilization in selected Latin American and Caribbean countries

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