Equivalent electrical circuit modelling of a Proton Exchange Membrane electrolyser based on current interruption

Martinson, Christiaan; Schoor, George van; Uren, Kenneth R.; Bessarabov, Dmitri

doi:10.1109/icit.2013.6505760

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…3 a , the impedances of anode and cathode are composed of the double‐layer capacitance, the resistance of the charge transfer to the electrode, and the Warburg impedance

()(, C_{dl} ∥ false[R_{t} + Z_{w} false])

[30, 31]. The electrical model can be simplified to the Randles–Warburg (RW) model, in which The RW cell represents the PEM impedance

Z_{el}

[31–33]. The equivalent electrical circuit of the RW can be used to model the impedance response of electrochemical systems such as a galvanic cell or an electrolytic cell [34].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid balancing with a large‐scale electrolyser providing primary reserve

Samani

D'Amicis²,

Kooning

et al. 2020

IET Renewable Power Generation

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As the share of renewable energy sources increases, the grid frequency becomes more unstable. Therefore, grid balancing services will become more important in the future. Dedicated devices can be installed close to the point where offshore wind farms are connected to the transmission grid on land. There, it can be used to attenuate power variations, reduce congestion and offer grid balancing. These ancillary services can create significant economic revenue. In this paper, the provision of the primary reserve by means of a large hydrogen electrolyser of 25 MW is investigated for the specific case of the Belgian transmission system. The electrolyser is used to convert water and excess power to hydrogen gas, which is injected into the natural gas grid. The revenue for primary reserve (R1) provision is analysed on a techno-economic model, including capital costs, operational costs, the revenue of the generated hydrogen and oxygen products and the ancillary service income. The revenue depends strongly on the contracted power-band. Therefore, it is optimised to yield maximum revenue. The results show that providing R1 creates a considerable revenue. Therefore, a large electrolyser can be a good candidate to buffer excess renewable energy into green gas while simultaneously providing grid support.

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“…3 a , the impedances of anode and cathode are composed of the double‐layer capacitance, the resistance of the charge transfer to the electrode, and the Warburg impedance

()(, C_{dl} ∥ false[R_{t} + Z_{w} false])

[30, 31]. The electrical model can be simplified to the Randles–Warburg (RW) model, in which The RW cell represents the PEM impedance

Z_{el}

[31–33]. The equivalent electrical circuit of the RW can be used to model the impedance response of electrochemical systems such as a galvanic cell or an electrolytic cell [34].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid balancing with a large‐scale electrolyser providing primary reserve

Samani

D'Amicis²,

Kooning

et al. 2020

IET Renewable Power Generation

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“…Simplification of electrolyser models often includes the omission of losses in the model. The losses of a single cell PEM electrolyser have been considered in [15], whereas an equivalent electrical circuit model for PEM electrolysers to study the electrochemical effects has been presented in [16].…”

Section: Electrolyser Models In Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of large‐sized electrolysers for real‐time simulation and study of the possibility of frequency support by electrolysers

Tuinema

Adabi

Ayivor

et al. 2020

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

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Hydrogen as an energy carrier holds promising potential for future power systems. An excess of electrical power from renewables can be stored as hydrogen, which can be used at a later moment by industries, households or the transportation system. The stability of the power system could also benefit from electrolysers as these have the potential to participate in frequency and voltage support. Although some electrical models of small electrolysers exist, practical models of large electrolysers have not been described in literature yet. In this publication, a generic electrolyser model is developed in RSCAD, to be used in real-time simulations on the Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). This model has been validated against field measurements of a 1-MW pilot electrolyser installed in the northern part of the Netherlands. To study the impact of electrolysers on power system stability, various simulations have been performed. These simulations show that electrolysers have a positive effect on frequency stability, as electrolysers are able to respond faster to frequency deviations than conventional generators.

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“…A dispatch model is required when considering P2HH in the MG system. In this model, we mainly consider the 'T-H-H' relationship among the electrolyte temperature, the P2H, and the power-to-heat, which can be represented by some empirical equations according to [18] U rev = a 1 T e + a 2 T e 2 + a 3 T e 3 + a 4 (10)…”

Section: Overall Model Of 'T-h-h' Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A dispatch model is required when considering P2HH in the MG system. In this model, we mainly consider the ‘T–H–H’ relationship among the electrolyte temperature, the P2H, and the power‐to‐heat, which can be represented by some empirical equations according to [18]

U_{rev} = a_{1} T_{e} + a_{2} T_{e}^{2} + a_{3} T_{e}^{3} + a_{4}

U_{act} = a_{5} * \frac{R T_{e}}{z F a_{a / c}} * \log (\frac{i_{normale}}{i_{normale 0}})

U_{ohm} = i_{e} r false(T_{e} false)

U_{HHV} = a_{6} T_{e} + a_{7} T_{e}^{2} + a_{8}

where a i ( i = 1–8) are empirical parameters, R is the universal gas constant, z is the number of moles of electrons transferred in the reaction (for hydrogen, z = 2), F is the Faraday constant,

α

is the charge‐transfer coefficients, i e is the current density, i e0 is the exchange current density, and r is the equivalent resistance.…”

Section: Model Of P2hhmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… The quantity relationship among the parameters of an electrolyzer (a) i – U cell and i – η e curves at different temperatures, (b) ‘T–H–H’ percentage relationships of P2HH, (c) ‘T–H–H’ relationships of P2HH (projected along the T direction); here, the parameters are set according to [18]: a 1 = − 1.5421×10 −3 , a 2 = 9.523×10 −5 , a 3 = 9.84×10 −8 , a 4 = 1.5184, a 5 = 2.3026, a 6 = 2.252×10 −4 , a 7 = 1.52×10 −8 , a 8 = 1.4756…”

Section: Model Of P2hhmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optimal control of a hydrogen microgrid based on an experiment validated P2HH model

Lin

Zeng

et al. 2019

IET Renewable Power Generation

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Converting electricity into hydrogen (power-to-hydrogen-P2H) is proved to be an effective means of energy storage. However, the conversion efficiency of commercial electrolyzers is currently among 60-70% and the storage and transportation cost of hydrogen is relatively high. On this basis, this study promotes the comprehensive usage of P2H as a flexible load in renewable power systems as well as heat sources in the heat network. The model of power-to-heat and hydrogen (P2HH) is established, considering the utilisation of waste heat. This model has further experimentally verified with alkaline electrolyzer groups rated at 46.5 kW. The authors established an optimal control model of a P2HH microgrid and carried out a case study on this model; the results show that temperature plays an important role in the P2HH process because it directly influences the proportion of electricity to generate hydrogen and the proportion of electricity to generate heat. Besides, P2HH helps improve the overall system efficiency despite the possible efficiency reductions of the power to hydrogen process itself.

show abstract

Equivalent electrical circuit modelling of a Proton Exchange Membrane electrolyser based on current interruption

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Grid balancing with a large‐scale electrolyser providing primary reserve

Grid balancing with a large‐scale electrolyser providing primary reserve

Modelling of large‐sized electrolysers for real‐time simulation and study of the possibility of frequency support by electrolysers

Optimal control of a hydrogen microgrid based on an experiment validated P2HH model

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