Equus caballus

Bennett, Deb; Hoffmann, Roald

doi:10.2307/3504442

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…T r remained within the normal equine range of 37-38°C (Bennett and Hoffmann, 1999). A difference was seen in mean T r before and after each treatment, between each treatment and when compared with baseline T r (Figure 4).…”

Section: Rectal Temperaturementioning

confidence: 82%

The use of a mirror reduces isolation stress in horses being transported by trailer

Kay

Hall

2009

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Horse trailers are a common form of transportation for horses and ponies and often require the animal to travel alone or with a single companion. The current study investigated the effect of transporting horses alone, in company or with an acrylic safety mirror (measuring 81 x 61.5 cm) that provided surrogate companionship. The behavioural and physiological responses of twelve mature horses during a 30-minute journey by trailer under the three treatments were compared.Behaviour (vocalisation, eating, head-tossing, pawing, and head turning) was recorded. In order to assess circulatory changes that occur as part of the response to transport, heart rate (HR), rectal (T r ) and ear-pinna (T p ) temperatures were recorded. When travelling with a live companion significantly less time was spent vocalising (p<0.001), head turning (p<0.001), head-tossing (p<0.01) and pawing (p<0.01); eating behaviour increased (p<0.05). Physiological responses (increases in HR and T r and decreases in T p ) were also significantly reduced when travelling with a live companion (p<0.01). Travelling with the mirror did not significantly affect physiological responses compared with travelling alone, but the rise in T r and fall in T p was reduced (p=0.052 and p=0.051 respectively) and can be considered a trend. When travelling with a mirror significantly less time was spent turning the head (p<0.01), vocalising (p<0.05) and head tossing (p<0.05); eating behaviour increased (p<0.05). The only significant difference between travelling with a live 1 companion and a mirror was that the time spent turning the head round was less with a live companion (p<0.05). The provision of surrogate companionship in the form of a mirror was found to be preferable to travelling alone, but where possible a live companion is recommended. Isolation during transportation was found to suppress feeding behaviour. Although peripheral blood flow (T p ) has been used to assess transport stress in other species it has not previously been used in the horse. Further evaluation of this non-invasive measure is now required.

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Section: Rectal Temperaturementioning

confidence: 82%

The use of a mirror reduces isolation stress in horses being transported by trailer

Kay

Hall

2009

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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“…Despite decades of multi‐disciplinary research, the origins of the domestic horse ( Equus caballus ) are debated. Archaeological evidence suggests that the earliest domesticated horses may have spread across the Eurasian grasslands around 6000 years ago (Anthony 1996; Bennett & Hoffmann 1999). However, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis of modern and ancient horses has revealed extensive variation within and among breeds, with little congruence of haplogroup distribution to breeds or geographic areas.…”

Section: Diversity Of Cytb Diversity Of Native Chinese Horse Breedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of cytochrome b diversity in Chinese domestic horses

et al. 2011

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Previous mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop and microsatellite studies have shown that Chinese horses have multiple maternal origins and high genetic diversity. To better characterize maternal genetic origins and diversity of Chinese domestic horses, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 407 complete 1140 bp sequences of the horse mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b (CYTB) gene, including 323 horses from 13 Chinese indigenous breeds and 84 reference sequences from GenBank. A total of 114 haplotypes were identified, of which 73 appeared among the 13 Chinese horse breeds. The high mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b haplotypic diversity suggests multiple maternal origins in Chinese horses.

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“…Used for transport, labour, food and recreation, horses became important in many facets of our society (Mills and McDonnell, 2005). Archaeological evidence suggests that the horse was probably first domesticated about 6000 years ago on the grassland steppes of Eurasia from Ukraine to Turkestan, and the earliest domesticated horses subsequently spread from this area (Anthony, 1996;Bennett and Hoffmann, 1999;Clutton-Brock, 1999). However, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis of modern and ancient horses has revealed extensive variation within and among breeds, with little congruence of haplogroup distribution to breeds or geographic areas, suggesting that separate and geographically diverse populations participated in domestication process, and that domestic horses have multiple origins (Jansen et al, 2002;Lister et al, 1998;Vila et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%