“…Elder consumers are often considered as a homogenous group (Gröppel-Klein, 2010), although they are actually very heterogeneous (Kirsch, 2003; Cirkel et al , 2004; Moschis et al , 2004; Pak and Kambil, 2006; Moschis and Ünal, 2008; Myers and Lumbers, 2008; Meneely et al , 2009a, b; Sudbury and Simcock, 2009; Thompson and Thompson, 2009; BMFSFJ, 2010; Gröppel-Klein, 2010; Meyer-Hentschel and Meyer-Hentschel, 2010; Meiners et al , 2011; Silvera et al , 2012). They are more heterogenic and complex than younger consumers (Kirchmair, 2005; Pak and Kambil, 2006; Moschis and Ünal, 2008; Silvera et al , 2012) in their preferences, motives and spending behaviours (Moschis and Ünal, 2008), because the younger ones are still unified by their career cycles, founding a family, educating their children and the global technology and media culture (Thompson and Thompson, 2009).…”