“…Specifically, satellite data derived chlorophyll-a concentration (CHL in mg m −3 ), sea surface water potential temperature (SST in °C), bottom seawater potential temperature (BST in °C), dissolved oxygen (O 2 in mmol m −3 ), net primary production (NPP in mol m − 3 ), phytoplankton concentration (PHYC in mol m −3 ), sea surface salinity (SSS in PSU), and sea-level anomaly (SLA in m) were downloaded from the Copernicus Marine Services (Escudier et al, 2020;Clementi et al, 2021;Cossarini et al, 2021), in the period 2004-2021, while depth in meters was downloaded from the MARSPEC database (Sbrocco and Barber, 2013). The POLCOM-ERSEM model (Kay, 2020) of total chlorophyll-a concentration (CHLT in mg m −3 ) and sea surface water potential temperature (SSTF in °C) under IPCC RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios were downloaded from the Climate Data Storage for the contemporary period (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019)(2020)(2021), short-term projections (2029-2049), mid-term projections (2054-2074), and long-term projections (2079-2099). All environmental variables were downloaded at the maximum resolution, and only the layer at 5 m depth was retained for computations except for BST and SLA (see Supplementary Table S1 for more details).…”