Ester and glyceride synthesis byRhizopus arrhizusmycelia

Synthesis of glycerides and esters by fungal cell-bound enzymes in continuous reactor systems

“…Preliminary work on the synthesis of glycerides using a batch, shake-flask system (Bell et al, 1978) established that best results were obtained using solvent of composition diisopropyl ether : acetone = 4.1. With an oleic acid concentration of I0~0 w/v (354 mM) and a glycerol concentration of 0.Z ~0 w/v (22 mM), 44~0 esterification was obtained after Z h and 70~0 after 24 h.…”

“…The extracellular (Slotboom et al, 1970) and cell-bound (Blain et al, 1976;Bell et al, 1978) lipolytic activities of Rhizopus arrhizus have been well established. Although esterification between acids and glycerol or other alcohols has been carried out using extracellular lipases from Aspergillus niger (Iwai et al, 1964), Rhizopus sp.…”

“…A previous paper (Bell et al, 1978) described how by incubating substrates dissolved in organic solvents with Rhizopus arrhizus mycelia it was possible to obtain high yields of esters and glycerides using a shake-flask incubation method. In this paper the possibility of carrying out such conversions in a continuous basis is reported using both a packed bed reactor (P.B.R.)…”

Direct Esterification with Dry Mycelia of Molds: A (Stereo)selective, Mild and Efficient Method for Obtaining Structurally Diverse Esters

“…Carboxylesterases bound to the mycelia of molds have been advantageously employed as biocatalysts in water and/or organic solvents: the fi rst report of the use of fungal mycelia in organic solvent dates back to 1978 [2] , followed by the work of Gancet and co -workers [3] . Here this chapter reports on the properties of mycelium -bound fungal carboxylesterases and their applications in fl avor ester production as well as in stereoselective esterifi cation.…”

Ενζυμική Ακυλίωση Φλαβονοειδών Σε Οργανικούς Διαλύτες

“…Οι λιπάσες με τη μορφή ενζυμικής σκόνης αλλά και σε ολόκληρα κύτταρα, έχουν χρησιμοποιηθεί για την κατάλυση εστεροποιήσεων σε σχεδόν άνυδρους διαλύτες. Ο Bell και οι συνεργάτες του, πραγματοποίησαν εστεροποιήσεις λιπαρών οξέων, τοποθετώντας σε διασπορά κύτταρα Rhizopus arrizus σε οκτανόλη, η οποία περιείχε παλμιτικό ή ολεϊκό οξύ (Bell, G., et al, 1978). Το αποτέλεσμα ήταν η παραγωγή οκτυλεστέρων, πάνω από 70% (Paterson, J.D.E., et al, 1979).…”