Esterase activity in homogenates of three strains of the rust red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Mackness, Michael I.; Walker, C.H.; Rowlands, D. G.; Price, Nicholas R.

doi:10.1016/0742-8413(83)90150-0

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As reported in various Tribolium strains, the naphthylesterase activity was much more active in the susceptible strain than in the malathion resistant strain (Wool et al, 1982;Mackness et al, 1983). By contrast, esterases from Musca domestica have been purified and appear to be active against both α-naphthyl acetate and malathion (Kao et al, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…This mutation results in the production of detoxifying hydrolase which loses total esterase activity. Reduced esterase activity toward naphthyl esters is a general phenomenon among malathion resistant populations of Plodia interpunctella (Beeman et al, 1982), Lucilia cuprina (Parker et al, 1991) and Tribol-ium castaneum (Mackness et al, 1983). Table 2 Intercellular distribution of MCE and esterase in a malathion-specific resistant (PRm) and a susceptible (Asm) Tribolium castaneum strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The malathion-specific resistance is always accompanied by reduced α-naphthyl acetate esterase activity in resistant strains of the red flour beetle T. castaneum (Wool et al, 1982;Mackness et al, 1983). The increased MCE activity can arise through a qualitative change such that the esterase's rate of hydrolysis of malathion increases (Price, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Purification and characterization of a carboxylesterase involved in malathion-specific resistance from Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Haubruge

Amichot²,

Cuany³

et al. 2002

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Specific resistance to malathion in a strain of Tribolium castaneum is due to a 44-fold increase in malathion carboxylesterase (MCE) activity relative to a susceptible strain, whereas non-specific esterase levels are slightly lower. Unlike the overproduced esterase of some mosquito and aphid species, MCE in Tribolium castaneum accounts for only a small fraction (0.033-0.045%) of the total extractable protein respectively in resistant and susceptible strains. The enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity from these two strains and has a similar molecular weight of 62,000. However, preparative isoelectricfocusing indicated that resistant insects possess one MCE with pI of 7.3, while susceptible insects possess a MCE with a pI of 6.6. Purified MCE from both populations had different K m and V m values for hydrolysis of malathion as well as for α-naphthyl acetate. The kinetic analysis suggests that MCE of resistant insects hydrolyses malathion faster than the purified carboxylesterase from susceptible beetles and that this enzyme has greater affinity for malathion than for naphthyl esters. Malathion-specific resistance is due to the presence of a qualitatively different esterase in the resistant strain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Purification and characterization of a carboxylesterase involved in malathion-specific resistance from Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Haubruge

Amichot²,

Cuany³

et al. 2002

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…Carboxylesterase activity was measured using the substrate 4-nitrophenyl acetate following the method of Mackness et al (1983). The reaction mixture contained 200 µl of reagent A (0.027 M Tris/HCl buffer, pH 7.6 and 0.0096 M 4-nitrophenyl acetate in a ratio of 2:1 respectively).…”

Section: Carboxylesterasementioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological Effects of Differently Polluted Dam Waters Spiked with Pesticides on Freshwater Snails Lymnaea Natalensis

Delfina¹,

Tapfuma²,

Mnkandla³

et al. 2016

IJC

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Pesticides extensively used in agricultural fields to ensure high quality crop yields indirectly find their way to aquatic bodies where they affect aquatic biota. We investigated the effects of pesticides in different dam waters on esterase enzyme activity of the freshwater snail species Lymnaea natalensis. Groups of adult snails were exposed to 0.006 ppm chlorpyrifos and 0.003 ppm aldicarb in polluted water from Umguza dam and relatively pristine water from Hillside dam for 14 days. Carboxylesterase, acetylcholinesterase and arylesterase activities were measured. Both pesticides caused significant inhibition of esterase activity after the 14 day exposure period, with exposures to Umguza dam water showing higher inhibition as compared to exposures to Hillside dam water. Aldicarb and chlorpyrifos both showed a time-dependent inhibition of enzyme activity, the former causing a higher inhibitory effect as compared to the latter. Acetylcholinesterase was inhibited up to 80% following exposure to aldicarb while exposure to chlorpyrifos in Umguza water caused only 40% inhibition. Carboxylesterases were similarly inhibited with higher inhibition observed in snails exposed to Umguza dam water when compared to snails exposed to Hillside dam water, while arylesterases were inhibited in the range 80-90%, with an exception of chlorpyrifos spiked Hillside dam water which caused 45% inhibition. Contaminated Umguza dam water also appeared to enhance the effects of pesticides when compared to the relatively pristine Hillside dam water. Alteration of esterase activity can be used as an early warning signal indicating exposure to environmental pollutants. The results of this study therefore, highlight the adverse effects of pesticides on non-target aquatic organisms, evidenced by the inhibition of esterase activity.

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“…Carboxylesterase (CE) activity on the hydrolysis of α-natheyl acetate and GST activity as the conjugation reaction of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene were determined following previously reported methods. [28,29] All enzyme activity was measured using a Thermo Multiskan GO 96 well spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Vantaa, Finland).…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Determination Of Enzyme Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute toxicity and gene responses induced by endosulfan in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos

Moon

Jeon

Nam

et al. 2016

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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Endosulfan has been listed as a persistent organic pollutant, and is frequently found in agricultural environments during monitoring processes owing to its heavy use and persistent characteristics. This study was conducted to understand the effects of endosulfan on the development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos by exposing them to a specific range of endosulfan concentrations. Exposing zebrafish embryos to endosulfan for 96 h yielded no acute toxicity until the concentration reached 1500 μg L −1 , whereas malformed zebrafish larvae developed severely curved spines and shortened tails. About 50% of zebrafish larvae were malformed when exposed to 600 μg L −1 of endosulfan. Comparative gene expression using realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction was assessed using endosulfan-exposed zebrafish embryos. CYP1A and CYP3A were significantly enhanced in response to endosulfan treatment. Two genes, acacb and fasn, encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase b and fatty acid synthase proteins, respectively, were also up-regulated after treating zebrafish embryos with endosulfan. These genes are also involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. The genes encoding vitellogenin and Hsp70 increased in a concentration-dependent manner in embryos. Finally, biochemical studies showed that acetylcholinesterase activity was reduced, whereas glutathione S-transferase and carboxylesterase activities were enhanced in zebrafish embryos after endosulfan treatment. These biochemical and molecular biological differences might be used for tools to determine contamination of endosulfan in the aquatic environment.

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Esterase activity in homogenates of three strains of the rust red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Purification and characterization of a carboxylesterase involved in malathion-specific resistance from Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Purification and characterization of a carboxylesterase involved in malathion-specific resistance from Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Toxicological Effects of Differently Polluted Dam Waters Spiked with Pesticides on Freshwater Snails Lymnaea Natalensis

Acute toxicity and gene responses induced by endosulfan in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos

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