Estimating the Mud Deposition Boundary Depth in Lakes from Wave Theory

Rowan, David J.; Kalff, Jacob; Rasmussen, Joseph B.

doi:10.1139/f92-275

Cited by 111 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In addition to the calculation of Z c , the depth at which surface waves cease to resuspend bed sediments can be identified as the depth where there is a transition in the nature of bed sediment from coarse to fine particles: known as the mud energy boundary depth EBD (m) (Rowan et al, 1992). The predicted EBD was calculated as a function of the maximum fetch for each site F m (km) following Rowan et al (1992):…”

Section: Wave Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predicted EBD was calculated as a function of the maximum fetch for each site F m (km) following Rowan et al (1992):…”

Section: Wave Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wave mixing has been suggested to be the dominant process causing sediment focusing for many lakes (Håkanson, 1977;Rowan et al, 1992). Wind-induced surface waves have their energy confined to a near-surface layer, whose depth is approximately a half of their wavelength, known as the 'wave mixed layer' (Smith & Sinclair, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution of sediment focussing to heterogeneity of organic carbon and phosphorus burial in small lakes

et al. 2011

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Contribution of sediment focussing to heterogeneity of organic carbon and phosphorus burial in small lakes. Freshwater Biology, 57 (2). 290-304.10.1111/j. 1365-2427.2011.02616.x Contact CEH NORA team at noraceh@ceh.ac.ukThe NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. 2. We elucidated the heterogeneity of surface sediment distribution in a small lake, Esthwaite Water (UK). We considered multiple focusing mechanisms (downslope gravitational transport, waves, and wind-driven currents) and their effect on multiple sediment variables (water content, organic content, total phosphorus and benthic diatom taxon richness). In particular, we investigated the implications of different focusing processes for calculations of burial rates of organic carbon and total phosphorus. We used a new, high-resolution bathymetric survey of the lake in our calculations and compared the results to those from an earlier low-resolution bathymetric survey.4. Wave-driven focusing and downslope gravitational transport were not significant in Esthwaite Water. However, calculated wind-induced current speeds were sufficient to mobilise small particles at all depths of the lake and therefore could potentially be an important resuspension process in small lakes.5. We calculated that approximately half of the phosphorus entering the lake is retained in the sediments. This has important implications for the ability of the lake to recover from eutrophication because of the prolonged internal phosphorus loading capability.6. Differences in calculated burial rates due to sediment heterogeneity were much larger than those due to the difference in bathymetric resolution. Ignoring sediment heterogeneity when calculating flux-to-lake bed rates for organic carbon and total 3 phosphorus can lead to large inaccuracies, with implications for burial rate and budget studies.

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Section: Wave Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predicted EBD was calculated as a function of the maximum fetch for each site F m (km) following Rowan et al (1992):…”

Section: Wave Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution of sediment focussing to heterogeneity of organic carbon and phosphorus burial in small lakes

et al. 2011

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“…These have mostly involved modeling of wave-driven redistribution of sediment from shallow to deeper water (e.g., Sheng and Lick 1979;Bengtsson and Hellstr€ om 1992;L€ ovstedt and Bengtsson 2008). Rowan et al (1992) quantified the mud deposition boundary depth and used this to determine the locate and optimize the number of cores needed to estimate mean sedimentation rates (Rowan et al 1995). More recently, Mackay et al (2012) examined the effects of windwaves, currents and bed slopes and wind-induced currents, on sediment redistribution and argued that the heterogeneity of carbon and phosphorus deposition patterns in small lakes is largely due to such factors.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Alternative Sediment Focusing Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rowan et al (1995), for example, present a sampling framework for 210 Pb dating based on the mud deposition boundary depth (Rowan et al 1992). This interprets lake bathymetry to identify erosional, depositional, and transitional zones according to the effectiveness of wave resuspension.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport modeling to test the sediment focusing hypothesis in upland lakes

Morales-Marín

French

Burningham

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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Palaeolimnological studies rely on assumptions regarding the distribution and completeness of lake deposits that are not always fully supported by observations. In particular, the assumption that "focusing" of suspended sediments leads to preferential deposition in the deepest part of a lake is not always justified, especially in upland lakes subject to energetic wind forcing. Few studies have investigated the hydrodynamic controls on lake sediment focusing, especially the importance of wind-driven currents in deep water. We combine a three-dimensional numerical hydrodynamic and suspended sediment model (FVCOM) with a semi-empirical wind wave model to investigate the potential mobility of bottom sediments in a small oligotrophic upland lake (Llyn Conwy, north Wales, UK). Exploratory simulations of wave-and current-generated bottom stress and suspended sediment dynamics confirm the expected importance of wave-generated bottom stresses in shallower waters (< 3 m depth) around the shore. Field survey shows that lake sediments are largely absent from this zone. This is consistent with peripheral wave action as a sediment focusing mechanism. In deeper water, wind-driven currents become the dominant contributor to bottom stress. Strong wind forcing events drive an energetic circulation with peak bottom stresses that intermittently exceed any realistic erosion threshold over a large proportion of the lake at depths far below those at which waves can be effective. The spatial distribution of lake sediments, and the completeness of the sediment record, is thus determined by a complex interaction between wind-driven circulation and bathymetry, rather than by bathymetry alone. Although our sediment dynamics simulations are purely exploratory, the results are consisted with survey results that show a patchy distribution of deep-water accumulation. Some implications of these results for the selection of sediment coring locations and the interpretation of sediment records are considered.

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Linking organic carbon sedimentation, burial efficiency, and long‐term accumulation in boreal lakes

et al. 2014

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Carbon (C) storage in lakes is now recognized as a significant sink of C at a global scale, but the pathways that lead to this storage remain poorly understood. In this study, we attempt to reconstruct and connect the processes that lead to long-term C accumulation in boreal lakes. These include the rate of particulate organic C (POC) sedimentation in the water column and sediment metabolism operating at a temporal scale of weeks to months, organic C accumulation in the top sediment layers integrated over scales of tens of years, and long-term organic C burial in lake sediment integrated over hundreds to thousands of years. The sinking POC flux was tenfold higher than the short-term sediment C accumulation rates in all systems, and we found no direct relationship between this downward C flux and either the short-term or long-term C accumulation rates. However, the resulting C burial efficiency (which ranged from 5 to 62%) was strongly related to lake shape, which ultimately constrains the time freshly deposited material that is exposed to oxygen and thereby regulates the fraction of the carbon sinking flux that is mineralized back to the atmosphere or permanently buried in the sediments. Small and deep lakes act as more efficient C sinks than large and flat lakes. We also show that long-term burial rates are nearly identical to current centennial-scale accumulation rates and that therefore, little degradation occurs after a few decades. Sediment C storage tends to be small (<5%) relative to lake C emissions, but that this balance is also strongly related to lake morphometry.

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Estimating the Mud Deposition Boundary Depth in Lakes from Wave Theory

Cited by 111 publications

References 8 publications

Contribution of sediment focussing to heterogeneity of organic carbon and phosphorus burial in small lakes

Contribution of sediment focussing to heterogeneity of organic carbon and phosphorus burial in small lakes

Three‐dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport modeling to test the sediment focusing hypothesis in upland lakes

Linking organic carbon sedimentation, burial efficiency, and long‐term accumulation in boreal lakes

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